The Transition to Middle School is Associated with Changes in the Developmental Trajectory of ADHD Symptomatology in Young Adolescents with ADHD

Langberg, Joshua M.; Epstein, Jeffery N.; Altaye, Mekibib; Molina, Brooke S. G.; Arnold, L. Eugene; Vitiello, Benedetto

doi:10.1080/15374410802148095

Cited by 108 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In other words, additional years spent in their adoptive family setting can be regarded as helping adoptees to recover. Finally, as suggested in the previous developmental studies [33], a reduction in ADHD symptomatology with age was found in our sample, but only in the classical hierarchical regression analysis and not when the variance at the adoptee and country levels was taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…a higher prevalence in boys than in girls [46,66]. Age-related differences have also been reported in developmental studies that have found a change in trajectories, with for example a clear reduction in ADHD symptomatology for inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity at the moment of the transition to middle school for young adolescents [33]. In several studies, ADHD has been found to interfere with adolescents' personal, social and academic development [19,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The influence of attachment deprivation on ADHD symptoms was initially tested by taking into consideration several key variables at the adoptee and country levels that have been reported as influencing behavioral issues, in particular ADHD. It will be recalled that age-and gender-related differences in ADHD have been found [33,46] and the risk for ADHD has turned out to be higher in families experiencing adversity such as low socio-economical status or marital discord [44,52,70]. Cross-cultural variations in the assessment of ADHD symptoms as well as in the explanatory models of the syndrome have been reported [10,34,48], and variations in the level of attention problems have been displayed among adoptees according to their country of origin [3].…”

Section: Adhd In Adopteesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

Roskam

Stiévenart

Tessier

et al. 2013

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent disorders in childhood and adolescence. Both neurocognitive and environmental factors have been related to ADHD. The current study contributes to the documentation of the predictive relation between early attachment deprivation and ADHD. Method Data were collected from 641 adopted adolescents (53.2 % girls) aged 11-16 years in five countries, using the DSM oriented scale for ADHD of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach and Rescorla, Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth and Families, Burlington, 2001). The influence of attachment deprivation on ADHD symptoms was initially tested taking into consideration several key variables that have been reported as influencing ADHD at the adoptee level (age, gender, length of time in the adoptive family, parents' educational level and marital status), and at the level of the country of origin and country of adoption (poverty, quality of health services and values). The analyses were computed using the multilevel modeling technique.Results The results showed that an increase in the level of ADHD symptoms was predicted by the duration of exposure to early attachment deprivation, estimated from the age of adoption, after controlling for the influence of adoptee and country variables. The effect of the age of adoption was also demonstrated to be specific to the level of ADHD symptoms in comparison to both the externalizing and internalizing behavior scales of the CBCL. Conclusion Deprivation of stable and sensitive care in infancy may have long-lasting consequences for children's development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Adhd In Adopteesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

Roskam

Stiévenart

Tessier

et al. 2013

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Maedgen and Carlson's participants were between 8 and 11 years of age, whereas our participants were between 12 and 16 years of age. 9 Given that changes in context, expectations, and maturation are associated with differences in the manifestation of ADHD symptoms in childhood versus adolescence (Langberg et al 2008;Wolraich et al 2005), it may be that ED also manifests differently among children and adolescents with ADHD. Another reason for the discrepant findings regarding the relationship between ADHD subtypes and ED may be due to different situations eliciting ED in different subtypes.…”

Section: Subtype Differences In the Association Between Adhd And Edmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Children and Adolescents

Bunford

Evans

Wymbs

2015

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

210

161

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Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience impairments in a number of functional domains. Although current evidence-based treatments for ADHD reduce symptoms and improve academic and behavioral functioning, they have minimal impact on social functioning or on risky behaviors (see Evans et al. in J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 43:527-551, 2014 for review). Preliminary evidence indicates that emotion dysregulation (ED) is associated with impairments across the developmental spectrum, such as social impairment and risky behaviors, and that its relative absence/presence is differentially associated with treatment response. It thus stands to reason that by incorporating a focus on ED in interventions targeting social impairment and risky behaviors, we may be able to increase the number of youth who respond to such interventions and decrease the prevalence or degree of these impairments and behaviors among youth and adults with ADHD. However, a number of questions remain unaddressed about the association between ADHD and ED, such as the portion of individuals with ADHD who experience ED, the extent to which ED is associated with the above impairments and behaviors, and whether or not ED is malleable. To begin addressing these questions, we summarize and critically evaluate the literature on the association between ADHD and ED and make recommendations for future basic, translational, and treatment outcome research.

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“…Many of these students reported that during elementary school years they were able to function in ways that lived up to high expectations for academic success that were held by their parents, their teachers and themselves. As was found in the study of Langberg, et al, [51], it was in secondary school settings where they had to keep track of various homework assignments for many different teachers, without anyone to help them to prioritize and remember, that ADHD impairments of these individuals became apparent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Executive function impairments in high IQ children and adolescents with ADHD

Brown¹,

Reichel²,

Quinlan³

2011

OJPsych

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Objective: To demonstrate that high IQ children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD tend to suffer from executive function (EF) impairments that: a) can be identified with a combination of standardized measures and normed self-report data; and b) occur more frequently in this group than in the general population. Method: From charts of 117 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years with high IQ ( ≥ 120) who fully met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD, data on 8 normed measures of executive function (EF) were extracted: IQ index scores for working memory and processing speed, a standardized measure of auditory verbal memory, and 5 clusters of the Brown ADD Scale, a normed, age-graded rating scale for ADHD-related executive function impairments in daily life. Significant impairment was computed for each individual relative to age-appropriate norms for each measure and comparisons were made to base-line rates in the general population. Results: Sixty-two percent of participants were significantly impaired on at least 5 of these 8 markers of EF. Chi-square comparisons of scores from these high IQ participants were significantly different (p < 0.001) from standardization norms for each of the eight EF measures. Conclusions: High IQ children and adolescents with ADHD, despite their cognitive strengths, tend to suffer from significant impairments of executive functions that can be assessed with these measures; incidence of these impairments is significantly greater than in the general population. These results are fully consistent with data on high IQ adults diagnosed with ADHD.

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The Transition to Middle School is Associated with Changes in the Developmental Trajectory of ADHD Symptomatology in Young Adolescents with ADHD

Cited by 108 publications

References 31 publications

Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

Another way of thinking about ADHD: the predictive role of early attachment deprivation in adolescents’ level of symptoms

ADHD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Children and Adolescents

Executive function impairments in high IQ children and adolescents with ADHD

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