The translation and evaluation of an Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Abstract

The translation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) into Urdu was undertaken by the authors in committee. After examining initial drafts by 6 independent translators, an agreed Urdu text was given to 6 back-translators, and subsequently modified further. The evaluation of the new translation was performed in 3 stages: evaluation of linguistic equivalence of items in a bilingual population; evaluation of conceptual equivalence by examining item-subscale correlations: and evaluation of scale equivalence by 2-way classification of high and low scorers. Satisfactory results at each stage suggest that the Urdu version is a reliable and valid translation of the HADS for use in Pakistan.

Reliability and Validity of a Nepali-language Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

“…Likewise, A5 has been found problematic in many Asian translations: Iranian, 30 Malayalam, 31 Urdu and Arabic. 35,36 In contrast to our experience with the Nepali version, terms like panic (A7) and to be on the move (A6) were found problematic in their translations. 31,35,36 Complications of this kind seem unavoidable when translating English metaphors and everyday language into other languages without similar semantic constructs.…”

Revisión de estudios de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD) en muestras españolas.

“…Entre las muestras de enfermos físicos se incluyen pacientes de atención primaria, cirugía, ginecología, dermatología, cáncer, cardiología, fatiga crónica o VIH, entre otros (Abiodun, 1994;Aylard, Gooding, McKenna y Snaith, 1987;Barczack et al, 1988;Burvill, Anderson, Jamrozik, Stewart-Wynne y Chakera, 1995;ElRufaie, y Absood, 1995;Lewis y Wessely, 1990;López-Roig et al, 2000;McCue, Martin, Buchanan, Rodgers y Scholey, 2003;Moorey et al, 1991;Razavi et al, 1992;Savard, Laberge, Gauthier, Ivers y Bergerson, 1998;Upadhyaya y Stanley, 1997;Visser et al, 1995;entre otros Rivera, 1995;Hammer, Sanjeev, Butterworth y Barczack, 1991;Ibá-ñez y Caro, 1992;Malasi, Mirza y el Islam, 1991;Silverstone, 1994;White, Leach, Sims, Atkinson y Cottrell, 1999). En las muestras de población general, se ha evaluado ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes, en estudiantes universitarios, en adultos y en personas de tercera edad (Abiodun, 1994;Caci et al, 2003;Ibáñez y Caro;Mumford et al, 1991;Quintana et al, 2003;Spinhoven et al, 1997). Parte de estos trabajos han tratado de establecer si el HAD puede utilizarse como instrumento de screening para detectar trastornos severos de ansiedad y/o depresión, y también si sus subescalas funcionan diferenciando ambos constructos, o quizá, deban considerarse con una única puntuación global de distrés psicológico.…”

Improving Care in Cardiac Rehabilitation for Minority Ethnic Populations

“…It may be inappropriate to use the HADS questionnaire in those who do not speak fluent English. However, validated translated versions of the questionnaire are available for some languages [28,29]. This underlines the importance of not only routinely recording ethnicity, but also the language spoken, and whether an interpreter is needed.…”