The Transmission of Yellow Fever to Macacus Rhesus

Chimpanzees Inoculated with Cytomegalovirus Contaminated Polio Vaccines may Explain Origin of HIV-1

“…Monkeys and chimpanzees were used in various research endeavors conducted in West Africa in the early 1900's. These include studies on malaria [37], yellow fever [38] and undoubtedly on other pathogens [39]. It seems more likely that monkey tissues would have been injected into chimpanzees than for a hapless chimpanzee to acquire dual infections from eating meat from both infected species.…”

Characterization of an infectious clone of the wild-type yellow fever virus Asibi strain that is able to infect and disseminate in mosquitoes

“…Virus recovered from the infectious clone exhibited biological characteristics similar to those of the parental YFV-As, including replication kinetics, reactivity to flavivirus cross-reactive and YFV-specific antibodies and infection and dissemination rates in Aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of YFV. These data provide the basis for future studies with chimeric Asibi/17D viruses to identify the determinants of vaccine attenuation in the vector.Yellow fever virus (YFV) was the first mosquito-borne virus to be identified (Stokes et al, 1928). It causes a severe and often fatal haemorrhagic disease in humans, for which there is no specific treatment.…”

“…Yellow fever virus (YFV) was the first mosquito-borne virus to be identified (Stokes et al, 1928). It causes a severe and often fatal haemorrhagic disease in humans, for which there is no specific treatment.…”

“…The prototype YFV strain, Asibi (Ghana27), was isolated from Mr Asibi in 1927 (Stokes et al, 1928). Flaviviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses with genomes of approximately 11 kb that encode three structural proteins, capsid, membrane and envelope, and seven non-structural proteins, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5, between 59 and 39 non-coding regions (NCRs).…”

The Newer Epidemiology of Yellow Fever

“…Although the virus of yellow fever had been successfully established in laboratory animals in 1927 8 it was not until 1931 that the perfection of the mouse protection test 9 enabled the epidemiologist to study the distribution of immunity to yellow fever on a large scale to delimit existing endemic areas, and not until 1935 was the easily transported mouse shown to be readily infectible with the virus of yellow fever from human cases in the field.…”