The transport and mass balance of fallout radionuclides in Brotherswater, Cumbria (UK)

Appleby, P. G.; Semertzidou, P.; Piliposian, G.T.; Chiverrell, R. C.; Schillereff, Daniel; Warburton, Jeff

doi:10.1007/s10933-019-00095-z

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The low 137 Cs measurements in the lakes suggest that fine sediment may have been selectively transported out, or that the soluble 137 Cs may be lost through groundwater exchange (Yang & Turner, 2013). Site AN recorded the lowest 137 Cs content suggesting the radioisotope within the water column and bound to clay particles is washed out of the small lake during periods when the site is connected to the nearby Chuo'er River (Appleby et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental change and human land‐use over the past 200 years in the Great Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China

et al. 2020

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Mountain ecosystems are sensitive to environmental changes and are affected by direct and indirect anthropogenic activities. This study sought to understand the impacts of human occupation, environmental and climate change on the Great Hinggan Mountains (GHM) in Northeastern China. The last 200 years of environmental changes are reconstructed by analyzing sediment cores from five small mountain lakes. Cores were dated using 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotopes, microscopic charcoal identified regional fire activity and fossil pollen analysis reconstructed temporal and spatial changes in vegetation. Peaks in 137Cs, 226Ra and microscopic charcoal flux were found to follow similar trends between sites. The radioisotope records reflect redistribution processes, such as erosion and fire events, which overwhelm the atmospheric fallout signal in the GHM. Microscopic charcoal increased from 1950 CE and peaked at all sites after 2000 CE suggesting that current fire management, coupled with a warmer climate due to global warming, may be leading to more wildfire events in the region. Pinus, Quercus and Betula declined at all sites as human occupation occurred in the early 1900s. Initially, open forest and grassland expanded in response to overexploitation of forests, followed by arboreal pollen reaching maximum values after 2000 CE. This study concludes that the present‐day mixed coniferous broad‐leaved forest dominating the southern region of the GHM is a product of changing fire activity, excessive logging and, more recently, forestry management and vegetation regeneration. Results suggest further management strategies are needed to address land degradation and wildfire events in mountain regions of Northeastern China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Site AN recorded the lowest 137 Cs content suggesting the radioisotope within the water column and bound to clay particles is washed out of the small lake during periods when the site is connected to the nearby Chuo'er River (Appleby et al, 2019).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental change and human land‐use over the past 200 years in the Great Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China

et al. 2020

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“…Under certain environmental conditions (e.g. under acidic and ammonium-rich conditions or in saline environments), 137 Cs is known to be chemically mobile and can be removed from soils in solution (Parsons and Foster 2011 ; Appleby et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Emerging Themes In Sediment Fingerprinting Research and Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 137 Cs was delivered to the Earth’s surface following above ground thermonuclear bomb tests from the 1950s to 1970s with peak activity around 1963–1964. Generally, when delivered to the Earth’s surface, 137 Cs binds strongly with fine-grained sediment and becomes a time marker of surface sediment, although some recent work identifies settings when this assumption is open to challenge (Appleby et al 2019 ). Fluvial sediment that contains 137 Cs activity indicates that a portion of the sediment was on the Earth’s surface during the period 1950s–1970s.…”

Section: Emerging Themes In Sediment Fingerprinting Research and Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…137 Cs is generally considered to be more chemically mobile in sediments than 210 Pb (Appleby 2001 ; Fig. 4 ) and has been reported to be transported in the dissolved phase in significant quantities to lakes (Appleby et al 2019 ). However, some lakes appear to have lower 210 Pb ex activities and inventories than predicted (Pittam et al 2009 ), for which no plausible explanation has yet been found.…”

Section: Emerging Themes In Sediment Fingerprinting Research and Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment source fingerprinting: benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes

et al. 2020

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Purpose This review of sediment source fingerprinting assesses the current state-of-the-art, remaining challenges and emerging themes. It combines inputs from international scientists either with track records in the approach or with expertise relevant to progressing the science. Methods Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to review published papers spanning the period 2013–2019, inclusive, to confirm publication trends in quantities of papers by study area country and the types of tracers used. The most recent (2018–2019, inclusive) papers were also benchmarked using a methodological decision-tree published in 2017. Scope Areas requiring further research and international consensus on methodological detail are reviewed, and these comprise spatial variability in tracers and corresponding sampling implications for end-members, temporal variability in tracers and sampling implications for end-members and target sediment, tracer conservation and knowledge-based pre-selection, the physico-chemical basis for source discrimination and dissemination of fingerprinting results to stakeholders. Emerging themes are also discussed: novel tracers, concentration-dependence for biomarkers, combining sediment fingerprinting and age-dating, applications to sediment-bound pollutants, incorporation of supportive spatial information to augment discrimination and modelling, aeolian sediment source fingerprinting, integration with process-based models and development of open-access software tools for data processing. Conclusions The popularity of sediment source fingerprinting continues on an upward trend globally, but with this growth comes issues surrounding lack of standardisation and procedural diversity. Nonetheless, the last 2 years have also evidenced growing uptake of critical requirements for robust applications and this review is intended to signpost investigators, both old and new, towards these benchmarks and remaining research challenges for, and emerging options for different applications of, the fingerprinting approach.

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Soil erosion and sediment transport in Tanzania: Part II – sedimentological evidence of phased land degradation

Wynants

Patrick

Mtei

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Soil resources in parts of Tanzania are rapidly being depleted by increased rates of soil erosion and downstream sediment transport, threatening ecosystem health, water and livelihood security in the region. However, incomplete understanding to what effect the dynamics of soil erosion and sediment transport are responding to land-use changes and climatic variability are hindering the actions needed to futureproof Tanzanian land-use practices. Complementary environmental diagnostic tools were applied to reconstruct the rates and sources of sedimentation over time in three Tanzanian river systems that have experienced changing land use and climatic conditions. Detailed historical analysis of sediment deposits revealed drastic changes in sediment yield and source contributions. Quantitative sedimentation reconstruction using radionuclide dating showed a 20-fold increase in sediment yield over the past 120 years. The observed dramatic increase in sediment yield is most likely driven by increasing land-use pressures. Deforestation, cropland expansion and increasing grazing pressures resulted into accelerating rates of sheet erosion. A

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The transport and mass balance of fallout radionuclides in Brotherswater, Cumbria (UK)

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Environmental change and human land‐use over the past 200 years in the Great Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China

Environmental change and human land‐use over the past 200 years in the Great Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China

Sediment source fingerprinting: benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes

Soil erosion and sediment transport in Tanzania: Part II – sedimentological evidence of phased land degradation

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