The Transport of Electrolytes in the Gut and the Use of Oral Rehydration Solutions

Ghishan, Fayez K.

doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36398-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies investigating the oral replacement of liquids generally employ an intestinal water loss model because of the action of enteropathogens (8)(9)(10). In such experiments, the replacement liquids usually have a water and ion composition similar to that of the model being used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

Baracat

Collares

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastric emptying of liquids was investigated in male Wistar rats (8 to 10 weeks old, 210-300 g) dehydrated by water deprivation. In this model of dehydration, weight loss, hematocrit and plasma density were significantly higher in the dehydrated animals than in the control groups after 48 and 72 h of water deprivation (P<0.05). Three test meals (saline (N = 10), water (N = 10) and a WHO rehydrating solution containing in one liter 90 mEq sodium, 20 mEq potassium, 80 mEq chloride and 30 mEq citrate (N = 10)) were used to study gastric emptying following water deprivation for 24, 48 and 72 h. After 72 h, gastric emptying of the water (39.4% retention) and rehydrating solution (49.2% retention) test meals was significantly retarded compared to the corresponding control groups (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney test). The 72-h period of deprivation was used to study the recovery from dehydration, and water was supplied for 60 or 120 min after 67 h of deprivation. Body weight loss, hematocrit and plasma density tended to return to normal when water was offered for 120 min. In the animals supplied with water for 60 min, there was a recovery in the gastric emptying of water while the gastric emptying of the rehydrating solution was still retarded (53.1% retention; P<0.02, KruskalWallis test). In the group supplied with water for 120 min, the gastric emptying of the rehydrating (51.7% retention) and gluco-saline (46.0% retention) solutions tended to be retarded (P = 0.04, Kruskal-Wallis test). In this model of dehydration caused by water deprivation, with little alteration in the body electrolyte content, gastric emptying of the rehydrating solution was retarded after rehydration with water. We conclude that the mechanisms whereby receptors in the duodenal mucosa can modify gastric motility are altered during dehydration caused by water deprivation. Correspondence

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

Baracat

Collares

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, herb infusions and other hypotonic fluids do not contain adequate amounts of sodium to facilitate the coupled entry process and, consequently, the absorption of water. On the other hand, some "clear fluids" such as carbonated drinks and other sweetened beverages contain a high sugar concentration and almost no salt and have a high osmolarity, which makes them both ineffective as rehydration fluids and potentially dangerous: They may aggravate diarrhea by drawing water into the lumen, which can lead to hypernatremia (23,24). We can therefore speculate that the improved outcomes in the study group, when compared with the control group, were the direct result of the use of the more physiologically sound ORS formulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Oral Hydration in the Treatment of Children with Acute Diarrhea in Primary Care

Delucchi,

Guiraldes,

Hirsch

et al. 1989

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) for treating children with diarrhea is spreading in hospitals in Chile, but it has not yet been incorporated into routine primary care programs. We sequentially compared the effectiveness of an ORS, with 60 mmol/L of Na+, with the standard treatment for diarrhea used in primary care centers, in a study with 285 diarrheal children under 2 years of age who consulted a health center in a low‐income periurban neighborhood of Santiago. When compared with the control group, the patients treated with ORS showed a significantly higher percentage weight gain in the first few days after treatment was begun, required fewer medical visits for follow‐up treatment at other facilities (8.4 vs. 15.5%; p < 0.05), and experienced fewer episodes of subsequent clinical dehydration that needed rehydration (oral or intravenous) in emergency services (2.8 vs. 10.6%; p < 0.01). In addition, there were no metabolic complications in either group. Our results reinforce the feasibility, efficaciousness, and safety of programs that use ORS at the primary care level and indicate that this is an effective method of preventing metabolic complications and reducing hospitalizations of children with acute diarrhea.

show abstract

“…The transport of electrolytes can proceed by various pathways including diffusion , Na + -coupled transport with nonelectrolytes, electrogenic Na + transport, Na + -H + exchange, and CI -tHC0 3exchange resulting in neutral NaCI exchange (30). HC0 3 -transport occurs in the jejunum by an Na + -dependent process secondary to Na + -H + exchange.…”

Section: Other Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Management of Chronic Diarrhea and/or Malabsorption

Kleinman,

Galeano,

Ghishan

et al. 1989

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Transport of Electrolytes in the Gut and the Use of Oral Rehydration Solutions

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

The Use of Oral Hydration in the Treatment of Children with Acute Diarrhea in Primary Care

Nutritional Management of Chronic Diarrhea and/or Malabsorption

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About