The Transport of Prolamine RNAs to Prolamine Protein Bodies in Living Rice Endosperm Cells[W]

Hamada, Shigeki; Ishiyama, Keiki; Choi, Sang Bong; Wang, Changlin; Singh, S. S.; Kawai, Nobuyoshi; Franceschi, Vincent R.; Okita, Thomas W.

doi:10.1105/tpc.013466

Cited by 80 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Zein mRNAs could be actively translated and the resulting polypeptides immediately degraded, or the mRNAs could be translated at very low rates. Transcripts of prolamins in the rice (Oryza sativa) starchy endosperm have been shown to be recruited to specific ER domains where they are translated and the corresponding protein translocated to form to ER protein bodies (Choi et al, 2000;Hamada et al, 2003;Crofts et al, 2010). Although it is a matter of debate whether this is also the case for maize prolamin transcripts (Kim et al, 2002;Washida et al, 2004), proteins required for the efficient accumulation of zein aggregates inside the ER may not be expressed in aleurone cells.…”

Section: Discussion Although Zein Genes Are Transcribed In Aleurone Cmentioning

confidence: 96%

Delivery of Prolamins to the Protein Storage Vacuole in Maize Aleurone Cells

et al. 2011

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Zeins, the prolamin storage proteins found in maize (Zea mays), accumulate in accretions called protein bodies inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of starchy endosperm cells. We found that genes encoding zeins, a-globulin, and legumin-1 are transcribed not only in the starchy endosperm but also in aleurone cells. Unlike the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells accumulate these storage proteins inside protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) instead of the ER. Aleurone PSVs contain zeinrich protein inclusions, a matrix, and a large system of intravacuolar membranes. After being assembled in the ER, zeins are delivered to the aleurone PSVs in atypical prevacuolar compartments that seem to arise at least partially by autophagy and consist of multilayered membranes and engulfed cytoplasmic material. The zein-containing prevacuolar compartments are neither surrounded by a double membrane nor decorated by AUTOPHAGY RELATED8 protein, suggesting that they are not typical autophagosomes. The PSV matrix contains glycoproteins that are trafficked through a Golgi-multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. MVBs likely fuse with the multilayered, autophagic compartments before merging with the PSV. The presence of similar PSVs also containing prolamins and large systems of intravacuolar membranes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) starchy endosperm suggests that this trafficking mechanism may be common among cereals.The cereal endosperm consists of three main cell types: an inner mass of starchy endosperm cells, one to three layers of epidermal aleurone cells, and the transfer cells that contact the maternal vascular tissue (Olsen, 2004). The starchy endosperm accounts for 80 to 90% of the grain weight and contains large amounts of storage proteins and starch. These cells undergo programmed cell death during maturation. Aleurone cells are rich in protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), minerals, and lipid bodies and remain alive during seed development. It is assumed that the breakdown of proteins localized to PSVs in aleurone cells provides an essential source of the amino acids necessary for the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes required for mobilizing food stored in the starchy endosperm (Filner and Varner, 1967;Jacobsen et al., 1988;Bethke et al., 1998).Besides its biological relevance as a model to study plant development, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death, the cereal endosperm is very important in terms of its nutritional value. Cereal grains contain less protein than do legume seeds, but because cereals are produced and consumed in much larger quantities, they are the main source of protein for the nutrition of humans and livestock (Shewry and Halford, 2002). The major storage proteins in maize (Zea mays) kernels are the alcoholsoluble prolamins, a type of storage proteins present only in grasses. Maize prolamins, referred to as zeins, are divided into different types: a-, b-, g-, and d-zeins (Coleman and Larkins, 1999) that differ in amino acid composition and structural properties (Shewry and Halford, 2002)...

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Section: Discussion Although Zein Genes Are Transcribed In Aleurone Cmentioning

confidence: 96%

Delivery of Prolamins to the Protein Storage Vacuole in Maize Aleurone Cells

et al. 2011

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“…We have argued that such PM-cER junctions are likely to exist in other eggs (for review, see Sardet et al, 2002). Several recent reports also indicate that specific cortical ER compartments close to the PM are present in yeast and plant cells, where they are thought to play important roles in polarization, membrane-protein insertion (in yeast bud) and mRNA and protein localization (in rice endosperm) (Du et al, 2004;Hamada et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Concept Of Cermentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity of the ascidian egg cortex and relocalization of cER and mRNAs in the early embryo

Prodon

Dru

Roegiers

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

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The mature ascidian oocyte is a large cell containing cytoplasmic and cortical domains polarized along a primary animal-vegetal (a-v) axis. The oocyte cortex is characterized by a gradient distribution of a submembrane monolayer of cortical rough endoplasmic reticulum (cER) and associated maternal postplasmic/PEM mRNAs (cER-mRNA domain). Between fertilization and first cleavage, this cER-mRNA domain is first concentrated vegetally and then relocated towards the posterior pole via microfilament-driven cortical contractions and spermaster-microtubule-driven translocations. The cER-mRNA domain further concentrates in a macroscopic cortical structure called the centrosome attracting body (CAB), which mediates a series of asymmetric divisions starting at the eight-cell stage. This results in the segregation of determinant mRNAs and their products in posterior cells of the embryo precursors of the muscle and germ line. Using two species of ascidians (Ciona intestinalis and Phallusia mammillata), we have pursued and amplified the work initiated in Halocynthia roretzi. We have analysed the cortical reorganizations in whole cells and in cortical fragments isolated from oocytes and from synchronously developing zygotes and embryos. After fertilization, we observe that a cortical patch rich in microfilaments encircles the cER-mRNA domain, concentrated into a cortical cap at the vegetal/contraction pole (indicating the future dorsal pole). Isolated cortices also retain microtubule asters rich in cER (indicating the future posterior pole). Before mitosis, parts of the cER-mRNA domain are detected, together with short microtubules, in isolated posterior (but not anterior) cortices. At the eight-cell stage, the posteriorly located cER-mRNA domain undergoes a cell-cycle-dependant compaction into the CAB. The CAB with embedded centrosomal microtubules can be isolated with cortical fragments from eight-cell-stage embryos. These and previous observations indicate that cytoskeleton-driven repositioning and compaction of a polarized cortical domain made of rough ER is a conserved mechanism used for polarization and segregation of cortical maternal mRNAs in embryos of evolutionarily distant species of ascidians.

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“…Chloramphenicol inhibits elongation by plastid ribosomes. mRNAs may be sequestered into several types of non-translated particles, including transport granules (Hamada et al, 2003a), stress granules, and processing (P-) bodies. Stress granules form transiently during abiotic stress such as heat shock (Nover et al, 1989).…”

Section: Tools and Techniques For Investigating Translational Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Regulation of Cytoplasmic mRNAs

Roy

Arnim

2013

The Arabidopsis Book

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Translation of the coding potential of a messenger RNA into a protein molecule is a fundamental process in all living cells and consumes a large fraction of metabolites and energy resources in growing cells. Moreover, translation has emerged as an important control point in the regulation of gene expression. At the level of gene regulation, translational control is utilized to support the specific life histories of plants, in particular their responses to the abiotic environment and to metabolites. This review summarizes the diversity of translational control mechanisms in the plant cytoplasm, focusing on specific cases where mechanisms of translational control have evolved to complement or eclipse other levels of gene regulation. We begin by introducing essential features of the translation apparatus. We summarize early evidence for translational control from the pre-Arabidopsis era. Next, we review evidence for translation control in response to stress, to metabolites, and in development. The following section emphasizes RNA sequence elements and biochemical processes that regulate translation. We close with a chapter on the role of signaling pathways that impinge on translation.

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The Transport of Prolamine RNAs to Prolamine Protein Bodies in Living Rice Endosperm Cells[W]

Cited by 80 publications

References 61 publications

Delivery of Prolamins to the Protein Storage Vacuole in Maize Aleurone Cells

Delivery of Prolamins to the Protein Storage Vacuole in Maize Aleurone Cells

Polarity of the ascidian egg cortex and relocalization of cER and mRNAs in the early embryo

Translational Regulation of Cytoplasmic mRNAs

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