The Trapped Radiation Handbook. Change 4,

Cladis, J. B.; Davidson, G. T.; Newkirk, L. L.

doi:10.21236/ada044304

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Cladis et al [] and Schulz and Lanzerotti [] provide excellent reviews of the radiation belt literature from the first decades of the space age. Rosen and Sanders [] describe a dynamic inner zone with rapid enhancements followed by slow decays, while Lyons and Thorne [] describe the equilibrium structure of the electron radiation belts in terms of a balance between inward radial diffusion from the plasma sheet [ Newkirk and Walt , ; Tomassian et al , ] and pitch‐angle scattering into the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden dynamics of relativistic electrons (0.7–1.5 MeV) in the inner zone and slot region

et al. 2017

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We present measurements of relativistic electrons (0.7–1.5 MeV) in the inner zone and slot region obtained by the Magnetic Electron and Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument on Van Allen Probes. The data presented are corrected for background contamination, which is primarily due to inner‐belt protons in these low‐L regions. We find that ∼1 MeV electrons were transported into the inner zone following the two largest geomagnetic storms of the Van Allen Probes era to date, the March and June 2015 events. As ∼1 MeV electrons were not observed in Van Allen Probes data in the inner zone prior to these two events, the injections created a new inner belt that persisted for at least 1.5 years. In contrast, we find that electrons injected into the slot region decay on much faster timescales, approximately tens of days. Furthermore, we find no evidence of >1.5 MeV electrons in the inner zone during the entire time interval considered (April 2013 through September 2016). The energies we examine thus span a transition range in the steeply falling inner zone electron spectrum, where modest intensities are observed at 0.7 MeV, and no electrons are observed at 1.5 MeV. To validate the results obtained from the background corrected flux measurements, we also present detailed pulse‐height spectra from individual MagEIS detectors. These measurements confirm our results and also reveal low‐intensity inner zone and slot region electrons that are not captured in the standard background corrected data product. Finally, we briefly discuss efforts to refine the upper limit of inner zone MeV electron flux obtained in earlier work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden dynamics of relativistic electrons (0.7–1.5 MeV) in the inner zone and slot region

et al. 2017

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“…Additionally, not many HANE nuclear tests were conducted to get a good sample size and develop an exact understanding of the physics. The predicted trapping efficiency of the beta particles ranges between 1×10 −7 and 0.10 (i.e., 1 × 10 −5 % and 10%) depending on the altitude and latitude of the explosion [31]. The Starfish Prime test had a trapping efficiency of around 10% of the total electrons emitted from the weapon debris [31].…”

Section: Nuclear Weapon Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted trapping efficiency of the beta particles ranges between 1×10 −7 and 0.10 (i.e., 1 × 10 −5 % and 10%) depending on the altitude and latitude of the explosion [31]. The Starfish Prime test had a trapping efficiency of around 10% of the total electrons emitted from the weapon debris [31]. For this work, we assume the worst-case scenario for the beta particle trapping in the belts is 10% and that the center of the belt intersects the orbit of the satellite.…”

Section: Nuclear Weapon Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifetime of the electrons in these artificial radiation belts is dependent on the L-shell that they inhabit. For artificial radiation belts that would affect a LEO satellite, the lifetime is roughly 100 days [31]. For belts that would affect MEO and GEO satellites, the mean lifetimes are on average 10 and 5 days, respectively [31].…”

Section: Nuclear Weapon Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Radiation-Induced Dark Counts for Silicon Single-Photon Detectors in Space

Wilson,

Miloshevsky,

Hooper

et al. 2021

Preprint

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has been authored in part by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

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“…The National Space Sciences Data Center, located at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, has developed and maintains models of the trapped electron and proton environments in the magnetosphere [149][150][151][152]. Other models are also available [6,153]. This information is available as maps of energetic particle fluxes, which are usually given in terms of isoflux contours (particles/cnF-sec) for electrons and protons having energies greater than 0.5 MeV.…”

Section: Trapped Radiation Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%