The TRAPs From Microglial Vesicles Protect Against Listeria Infection in the CNS

Wang, Chao; Wang, Yang; Shi, Xiaochen; Tang, Xudong; Cheng, Wei; Wang, Xueyan; An, Yanan; Li, Shulin; Xu, Hongyue; Li, Yan; Luan, Wenjing; Wang, Xuefei; Chen, Zhaobin; Liu, Mingyuan; Yu, Lu

doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00199

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 3, several of the activated cells formed vesicles rather than NET fibers containing DNA/histone-1-complexes. This vesicular release is a special form of extracellular trap formation shown in vitro in cases of response to Staphylococcus aureus in human neutrophils [23], and is induced by Listeria in murine microglia [44].…”

Section: Net Detection Ex Vivomentioning

confidence: 93%

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

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Ohnesorge

Borstel

et al. 2019

Cells

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Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is considered one of the most important eye diseases in horses and typically appears with relapsing inflammatory episodes without systemic effects. Various disorders have been described as an initial trigger, including infections. Independent of the initiating cause, there are numerous indications that ERU is an immune-mediated disease. We investigated whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the ERU pathogenesis. Therefore, vitreous body fluids (VBF), sera, and histological sections of the eye from ERU-diseased horses were analyzed for the presence of NET markers and compared with horses with healthy eyes. In addition, NET formation by blood derived neutrophils was investigated in the presence of VBF derived from horses with healthy eyes versus ERU-diseased horses using immunofluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, NET markers like free DNA, histone-complexes, and myeloperoxidase were detected in higher amounts in samples from ERU-diseased horses. Furthermore, in vitro NET formation was higher in neutrophils incubated with VBF from diseased horses compared with those animals with healthy eyes. Finally, we characterized the ability of equine cathelicidins to induce NETs, as potential NET inducing factors in ERU-diseased horses. In summary, our findings lead to the hypothesis that ERU-diseased horses develop more NETs and that these may contribute to the pathogenesis of ERU.

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Section: Net Detection Ex Vivomentioning

confidence: 93%

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

Fingerhut

Ohnesorge

Borstel

et al. 2019

Cells

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“…The EVs released by immune cells as part of an effective immune response have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects in vitro [ 82 ] and are suggested to be associated with strong antimicrobial responses in vivo [ 98 ]. The antimicrobial responses described are attributed to the presence of bacteriostatic [ 72 , 82 ] and bactericidal [ 72 ] components of the EV cargo.…”

Section: Host Ev-mediated Response To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex, bidirectional role of extracellular vesicles in infection

White

Dauros-Singorenko

Hong

et al. 2021

Biochemical Society Transactions

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Cells from all domains of life release extracellular vesicles (EVs), packages that carry a cargo of molecules that participate in communication, co-ordination of population behaviours, virulence and immune response mechanisms. Mammalian EVs play an increasingly recognised role to fight infection, yet may also be commandeered to disseminate pathogens and enhance infection. EVs released by bacterial pathogens may deliver toxins to host cells, signalling molecules and new DNA to other bacteria, and act as decoys, protecting infecting bacteria from immune killing. In this review, we explore the role of EVs in infection from the perspective of both the pathogen and host, and highlight their importance in the host/pathogen relationship. We highlight proposed strategies for EVs in therapeutics, and call attention to areas where existing knowledge and evidence is lacking.

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“…Interferon-γ could also stimulate the microglial ETs in the in vitro examination. Hence, this novel discovery has paved way for the deep exploration of the innate immune responses in humans for chronic illnesses [ 54 ].…”

Section: Nanomaterials: Applications In Meningitis and Bacterial Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Application of Nanoparticles and Graphene as Drug Carriers and on the Diagnosis of Brain Infections

et al. 2021

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the protective sheath around the brain that protects the sensitive microenvironments of the brain. However, certain pathogens, viruses, and bacteria disrupt the endothelial barrier and cause infection and hence inflammation in meninges. Macromolecular therapeutics are unable to cross the tight junctions, thereby limiting their bioavailability in the brain. Recently, nanotechnology has brought a revolution in the field of drug delivery in brain infections. The nanostructures have high targeting accuracy and specificity to the receptors in the case of active targeting, which have made them the ideal cargoes to permeate across the BBB. In addition, nanomaterials with biomimetic functions have been introduced to efficiently cross the BBB to be engulfed by the pathogens. This review focuses on the nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches for exploration in brain infections, including meningitis. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, or, rarely, protozoa or parasites may be the cause of brain infections. Moreover, inflammation of the meninges, called meningitis, is presently diagnosed using laboratory and imaging tests. Despite attempts to improve diagnostic instruments for brain infections and meningitis, due to its complicated and multidimensional nature and lack of successful diagnosis, meningitis appears almost untreatable. Potential for overcoming the difficulties and limitations related to conventional diagnostics has been shown by nanoparticles (NPs). Nanomedicine now offers new methods and perspectives to improve our knowledge of meningitis and can potentially give meningitis patients new hope. Here, we review traditional diagnosis tools and key nanoparticles (Au-NPs, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), QDs, etc.) for early diagnosis of brain infections and meningitis.

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The TRAPs From Microglial Vesicles Protect Against Listeria Infection in the CNS

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

The complex, bidirectional role of extracellular vesicles in infection

Progress in the Application of Nanoparticles and Graphene as Drug Carriers and on the Diagnosis of Brain Infections

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