The Trauma of Moral Injury: Beyond the Battlefield

Occupational moral injury and mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In addition, key authors were contacted to request details of any further studies and reference sections of relevant review articles (e.g. Litz et al, 1 Frankfurt and Frazier, 3 and Dombo et al 12 ), book chapters and issues of journals (e.g. Journal of Traumatic Stress) were manually searched to identify any additional studies.…”

Invisible wounds and suicide: Moral injury and veteran mental health

“…These experiences cause severe intrapersonal dissonance and can lead to the development of MI characteristics and result in intrapersonal conflict, negative mental health outcomes (Jinkerson ; Kelley et al ). Feelings of being a ‘bad’ person, through acts or inaction, can lead to feelings of unworthiness and isolation and reduce help‐seeking behaviour (Dennis et al ; Dombo et al ; Jinkerson ). Such feelings can contribute to lower self‐worth, lower confidence, and depression, ultimately, increasing the risk of suicidality (McCarthy ).…”

The combat veteran paradox: Paradoxes and dilemmas encountered with reintegrating combat veterans and the agencies that support them.

“…Although there is nothing inherently wrong with carrying a knife or gun, given the combat veteran's tendency to act quickly, almost on instinct, to perceived dangerous situations, unforeseen misinterpretations could arise resulting in unnecessary serious injury or death, causing the combat veteran serious problems. Additionally, a high number of suicides occur each year by combat veterans who used an accessible gun (Claassen & Knox, 2011). It is critically important for the combat veteran to fully understand the complexities of this dynamic.…”