The Traveller’s Risk Perception (TRiP) questionnaire: pre-travel assessment and post-travel changes

Tardivo, Stefano; Zenere, Alessandra; Moretti, Francesca; Marchiori, Francesco; Berti, D; Migliorini, M; Tomasi, Andrelise Viana Rosa; Ferrari, Sergio; Tognon, Flávia Andriza Bedin; Napoletano, Giuseppina; Rossanese, Andrea

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihz033

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The results prove that there is indeed a significant difference between tourists’ risk perceptions of the destination before and after travel. The findings are consistent with those of Tardivo et al ( 2020 ), Xie et al ( 2020 ), and Zimmermann et al ( 2013 ). In addition, the social amplification of risk framework states that risk events can intensify or attenuate public risk perceptions in interaction with psychological, social and cultural processes (Kasperson et al, 1988 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For example, Zimmermann et al ( 2013 ) used a visual psychometric test to survey 314 travellers to tropical and subtropical destinations on nine health risk perceptions before and after travel. Tardivo et al ( 2020 ) used a questionnaire and telephone interviews to examine the changes in tourist perceptions of 8 health risks before and after travel during medical tourism. Xie et al ( 2020 ) distinguished between pretravel and post-travel risk perceptions when exploring the moderating effect of public opinion on risk perceptions and found that as tourists gained actual first-hand experience of the destination, their perceptions of the five types of risks were effectively corrected after travel.…”

Section: A Review Of Research On Identification Of Tourists’ Risk Per...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of tourists’ dynamic risk perception—the situation in Tibet

Feng

Sun

et al. 2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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This paper proposes an identification framework for dynamic risk perception with “Questions & Answers (Q&As) + travel notes”, which newly attends to the dynamic nature of risk perception and overcomes the liabilities of traditional data collection methods, such as questionnaires and interviews, which induce high costs in data acquisition, tend to produce small sample sizes and suffer from large sample deviations. Via 2627 Q&As released by tourists before travel and 17,523 travel notes released by tourists after travel, the dynamic change in 20 identified risks before and after travel to Tibet is portrayed with the help of text mining technologies, which can automatically identify risk perception types and sentiment tendencies from massive amounts of textual data. The study finds that before travel, tourists usually underestimate risks related to safety, health and time but overestimate risks related to transportation, route selection and season. The results of the study are not only informative for destination tourism risk management and image promotion but also important for tourists to form more reasonable risk assessments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: A Review Of Research On Identification Of Tourists’ Risk Per...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of tourists’ dynamic risk perception—the situation in Tibet

Feng

Sun

et al. 2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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“…Travellers’ risk perception usually sees the traveller as the victim of adversity [ 115 ]. Scales have been used to predict risk behaviour [ 116 ].…”

Section: Safety and Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy, safe and responsible: the modern female traveller

Bauer

2021

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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One-half of all travellers are women; yet, there is a distinct lack of detailed travel health knowledge on topics of unique relevance to women. While there is medical advice relating to stages in the female lifecycle, it neglects women-specific practical aspects despite their ability to harm travellers’ health and cause inconvenience. This paper discusses comprehensively three major aspects of travel as they relate to women. First, it suggests the management of personal hygiene, bodily functions, menstruation and sexual behaviour, and alerts to the limited knowledge on travel mental health issues.Second, apart from travelling in a female body with its specific demands, being a woman requires special attention to safety and security. Within various travel contexts, women have many opportunities for minimising potential risks.Finally, guided by travel medicine’s acknowledgment of its role in the concept of responsible travel, this article goes beyond the usual general statements and broad advice and offers detailed and practical suggestions on how the female traveller can contribute to the overall goal of minimising any potential harm to fellow humans and the natural environment. Recognising the scarcity of women-specific travel information, pathways to better education, and a range of suggestions for urgent research facilitate the provision of high-quality travel health care tailored specifically to women’s needs.

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The Ready-To-Go Questionnaire predicts health outcomes during travel: a smartphone application-based analysis

Maier,

Anagnostopoulos,

Gazzotti

et al. 2023

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background The Ready-To-Go (R2G) Questionnaire is a tool for rapid assessment of health risks for travel consultation. This study aims to assess the utility of the R2G Questionnaire in identifying high-risk travellers and predicting health events and behaviour during travel in the TOURIST2 prospective cohort. Methods TOURIST2 data were used to calculate the R2G medical and travel risk scores and categorize each participant based on their risk. The TOURIST2 study enrolled 1000 participants from Switzerland’s largest travel clinics between 2017 and 2019. Participants completed daily smartphone application surveys before, during and after travel on health events and behaviours. We used regression models to analyse incidence of overall health events and of similar health events grouped into health domains (e.g. respiratory, gastrointestinal, accident/injury). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) are displayed with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results R2G high-risk travellers experienced significantly greater incidence of health events compared to lower-risk travellers (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.22–1.33). Both the medical and travel scores showed significant positive associations with incidence of health events during travel (IRR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07–1.16; IRR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.12, respectively), with significant increases in all health domains except skin disorders. Medical and travel risk scores were associated with different patterns in behaviour. Travellers with chronic health conditions accessed medical care during travel more often (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03–1.31), had greater difficulty in carrying out planned activities (IRR = –0.04, 95% CI: –0.05, –0.02), and rated their travel experience lower (IRR = –0.04, 95% CI: –0.06, –0.02). Travellers with increased travel-related risks due to planned travel itinerary had more frequent animal contact (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.18) and accidents/injuries (IRR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15–1.44). Conclusions The R2G Questionnaire is a promising risk assessment tool that offers a timesaving and reliable means to identify high-risk travellers. Incorporated into travel medicine websites, it could serve as a pre-consultation triage to help travellers self-identify their risk level, direct them to the appropriate medical provider(s), and help practitioners in giving more tailored advice.

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The Traveller’s Risk Perception (TRiP) questionnaire: pre-travel assessment and post-travel changes

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Identification of tourists’ dynamic risk perception—the situation in Tibet

Identification of tourists’ dynamic risk perception—the situation in Tibet

Healthy, safe and responsible: the modern female traveller

The Ready-To-Go Questionnaire predicts health outcomes during travel: a smartphone application-based analysis

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