ureter, one was justified in saying that ' all evidence of renal tuberculosis was absent.The patient had an uneventful convalescence and was discharged from the hospital, July 27.A pyelogram of the right side was taken, July 19. The ureter at this time failed to show the same degree of dilatation that was indicated in the previous pyelogram. The entire pyelogram demonstrated a decided improvement in that the pelvis and the calices were smaller, with less evidence of infection.One month later, cystoscopic examination and ureteral catheterization were again carried out. Urine from the left side was free of pus and sterile on culture and urine from the right side showed much pus and B. proteus. Table 5.-Phenolsulphonphthalein Test in Case 2 Right Left Time of appearance. 7 minutes 4 minutes Output first 20 minutes. ß% 20% Output second 20 minutes. 4% 5% Total output in 40 minutes. 10% 25%In view of the fact that three sets of guinea-pigs and many smears of kidney and bladder urine were negative for tubercle bacilli, and because the only bit of evidence on which a diag¬ nosis was ventured was the first pyelogram, which showed a marked diminution in the size of the pelvis and changes in the calices, a discussion arose as to whether or not our pyelographic diagnosis was correct.Because of the persistence of pus in the urine with repeated attacks of chills and fever, a nephrectomy was advised.Second Operation.-Under ethylene anesthesia a nephrectomy was done, September 12. The patient was discharged from the hospital, September 29.A histologie examination, made in the laboratory of surgical pathology at Rush Medical College, showed the presence of renal tuberculosis. SUMMARY 1. From the available literature it would appear that blood stream infection with Bacillus proteus is rare.2. Cases of blood stream infection by B. proteus are not necessarily fatal.3. In the two cases reported here, both patients suf¬ fered from stone in the kidney, and one had tuberculosis in addition to the stone.122 South Michigan Avenue.Discovery of the Circulation Comparable to the Prob¬ lem of Malignancy.-What will the future show? A few days ago I told one of my friends who has specialized in the subject of malignancy and whose acumen, experience and skeptical attitude are widely known, that I was going to suggest as a possibility that within a hundred years the etiology of malignant neoplasms would be known. He replied : "It is pos¬ sible within a thousand years." I made bold to suggest, how¬ ever, that within fifty years we may know enough to completely change surgical practice and to remove certain at least of the new growths altogether from the field of surgery and that we shall look back on our present efforts as extraordinarily crude. 1 admit today that the student of malignancy is bound to feel as Harvey felt when he first watched the beating of the tumul¬ tuous heart and attempted to make out the sequence of happen¬ ings. He wrote, you remember : "When I first gave my mind to vivisections, as a means of discovering the motions and...