Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the general anatomical features and dynamics of the ulnar nerve, as well as its most common points of potential compression. 2. Describe the clinical presentation associated with secondary cubital tunnel syndrome, with the appropriate differential diagnoses. 3.
Discuss the diagnostic test results and physical findings important for determining the correct treatment for patients presenting for revision surgical treatment. 4. Discuss the different nonsurgical and surgical interventions for patients with recurrent or persistent ulnar nerve compression at the elbow.Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow is a peripheral nerve disorder that is second in incidence only to carpal tunnel syndrome. The successful treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome can at times be unsatisfactory, with clinical failure rates of approximately 25 percent after surgical treatment. There are a variety of explanations for surgical failure or secondary ulnar nerve compression at the elbow, including improper diagnosis or treatment, incomplete release of the nerve, postoperative scarring, and improper postoperative rehabilitation. This article reviews the relevant history, anatomical features, and presentation of secondary ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. It also attempts to identify the important risk factors for recurrent, persistent, and new disease and to make clinical recommendations regarding diagnosis, management, and surgical treatment. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 113: 1e, 2004.)