The treatment of tardive dyskinesia—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Soares, Karla Vanessa Souza; McGrath, John J.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00021-3

Cited by 89 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It is an analogue of choline (COL) and acetylcholine (ACH) and has been used since the 1970s as an oral medication to treat some central nervous system diseases related to cholinergic neuronal hypo function, such as Alzheimer's disease and tardive dyskinesia. The oral use of DMAE was discontinued due to inconsistent results in clinical trials (Haubrich, Gerber, Pflueger, 1981;Soares, Mcgrath, 1999;Tammemaa, Sailas, Mcgrath, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of methodologies for dimethylaminoethanol glycolate assay in association with sunscreens in dermocosmetic formulation

Deccache

Santos

Cabral

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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DMAE glycolate (DG) and sunscreens have been used associated in anti-aging dermocosmetic formulations. Despite extensive use of these substances, methods for quantification of DG as raw material and in cosmetic formulations, especially when associated, are not described in the literature. RP-HPLC and non-aqueous titration methods, with determination potentiometric end-point (PT), were developed and validated for rapid assay of DG as raw material and in a topic emulsion in association with sunscreens. Both methods are simple, selective, linear, accurate and precise. The PT method was chosen for stability study of DG in the formulation developed. The proposed formulation presented good stability performance as regards aspect, pH, apparent viscosity, and SPF, with less than 5% of DG degradation compared to initial conditions. Uniterms: DMAE glycolate. Anti-aging dermocosmetic formulations/quantitative analysis. High Performance Liquid Chromatography-RP/quantitative analysis. Non-aqueous potentiometric titration/ quantitative analysis.Glicolato de DMAE (DG) e protetores solares têm sido utilizados associados em formulações dermocosméticas antiidade. Apesar da ampla utilização dessas substâncias, métodos de quantificação para DG matéria-prima e em formulações cosméticas, especialmente quando associados, não estão descritos na literatura. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas e validadas metodologias por CLAE-FR e titulação em meio não-aquoso, com determinação do ponto final por potenciométrica (TP), para a rápida análise de DG matéria-prima e em emulsão tópica em associação com fotoprotetores. Ambos os métodos são simples, seletivos, lineares, exatos e precisos. O método TP foi escolhido para o estudo da estabilidade do DG na formulação desenvolvida. A formulação proposta apresentou um bom desempenho no que se refere a estabilidade, aspecto, pH, viscosidade aparente e SPF, com menos de 5% degradação do DG comparado as condições iniciais.Unitermos: Glicolato de DMAE. Formulações dermocosméticas antiidade/análise quantitativa. Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência-FR/análise quantitativa. Titulação potenciométrica em meio não-aquoso/análise quantitativa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of methodologies for dimethylaminoethanol glycolate assay in association with sunscreens in dermocosmetic formulation

Deccache

Santos

Cabral

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…Although some patients show noticeable improvement following withdrawal of treatment with antipsychotics, complete and lasting resolution of TD is rare, and the cessation of antipsychotic use in psychotic patients increases the risk of a relapse. 7 Therefore, such an option can only be considered in patients for whom antipsychotic treatment is not considered necessary. In the remaining patients, the preferred option when they are being treated with conventional antipsychotics is to replace these with new-generation antipsychotics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Many other drugs (eg, vitamin E, tetrabenazine, benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, and noradrenergic antagonists) have shown some efficacy. 7,8 To our knowledge, the efficacy of none of these suppressive treatments has been demonstrated by controlled clinical investigations. 7 In some patients, distressing TD may persist and lead to disability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus to Treat Tardive Dyskinesia

Damier¹

2007

Arch Gen Psychiatry

165

101

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Context: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a common and potentially disabling disorder induced by use of antipsychotic drugs for which medical treatment often gives disappointing results.Objective: To assess the efficacy of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal part of the globus pallidus to treat severe TD.Design: Prospective phase 2 multicenter study.Setting: Six French university hospitals.Patients: Patients with severe TD refractory to medical treatment were studied to evaluate the severity of abnormal involuntary movements before and after 6 months of bilateral globus pallidus deep brain stimulation. A 2-step open Fleming procedure was used to avoid unnecessary accrual of patients. A successful outcome was defined as a decrease of more than 40% in the main outcome measure at 6 months. The early stopping rule was invoked if the number of successful outcomes in 10 patients was fewer than 2, or 5 or more. A double-blind evaluation in the presence and absence of stimulation was performed at 6 months after surgery.Main Outcome Measure: Change in score on the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale.Results: At 6 months after surgery, the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale score had decreased compared with baseline by more than 40% (mean improvement, 61%; range, 44%-75%) in the first 10 patients included. In accord with the 2-step open Fleming procedure, we ended the trial at the first step and concluded that pallidal stimulation is an effective treatment for TD. The efficacy of the treatment was confirmed by a double-blind evaluation, with a mean decrease of 50% (range, 30%-66%) (P = .002) in the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale score when stimulation was applied compared with the absence of stimulation. There were no marked changes in the patients' psychiatric status. Conclusion:Although these results need to be confirmed in a larger group of patients with a longer followup, bilateral globus pallidus deep brain stimulation seems to offer a much-needed new treatment option for disabling TD.

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“…There are no validated guidelines to follow when choosing a suppressive agent since not a single agent has been successful in large scale, double blinded, randomised controlled trials 73. Selection should be based on the underlying psychiatric diagnosis, risk/benefit analysis, potential side effects, and interaction with other medications.…”

Section: Management Of Tsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of tardive syndromes: clinical recognition and management

Bhidayasiri

Boonyawairoj

2010

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Tardive syndrome (TS) refers to a group of delayed onset disorders characterised by abnormal movements and caused by dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs). Classical tardive dyskinesia is a specific type of oro-buccal-lingual dyskinesia. However, TS may exist in other forms--for example, stereotypy, dystonia, and akathisia--and frequently occur in combination. The onset typically is insidious and after reaching its maximum severity it often stabilises. Frequently reported risk factors are age, dose and duration of neuroleptic exposure, the use of conventional DRBAs, and co-existing mood disorders. This review highlights the broad spectrum of TS, not limited to classical tardive dyskinesia, as well as the clues for its recognition. Despite challenges in the treatment of TS, dictated by the different phenomenology, severity of TS and the need for ongoing neuroleptic treatment, the authors provide evidence based recommendations for patient management, which is not restricted to only withdrawal of the offending neuroleptics or the selection of an alternative medication, such as clozapine. In a minority of cases with significant functional disability, symptomatic or suppressive treatments should be considered. Recently, there has been a resurgence of stereotactic pallidal surgery for the treatment of TS. Although the efficacy of both pallidotomy and pallidal deep brain stimulation in dystonia has been encouraging, the evidence is still limited.

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The treatment of tardive dyskinesia—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 89 publications

References 58 publications

Development of methodologies for dimethylaminoethanol glycolate assay in association with sunscreens in dermocosmetic formulation

Development of methodologies for dimethylaminoethanol glycolate assay in association with sunscreens in dermocosmetic formulation

Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus to Treat Tardive Dyskinesia

Spectrum of tardive syndromes: clinical recognition and management

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