The Trial of the Templars

Barber, Malcolm

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139197083

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The crusader period lasted until the Siege of Acre and the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in ad 1291. The last crusaders, the Knights Templar, still maintained a fortress at the northern city of Tartus, but no longer controlled any of the Holy Land following the Siege of Ruad in ad 1302 (Barber, 2006). The Mamelukes (ad 1291-1517), the political and military power who defeated the last crusaders, subsequently ruled over the Levant during the late Middle Ages; this period being known as the Mameluke Sultanate (Behrens-Abouseif, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medieval coastal Syrian vegetation patterns in the principality of Antioch

et al. 2010

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The coastal area of Jableh, in the vicinity of the Saladin and Al-Marquab castles, is a fertile alluvial plain located on the northwestern part of Syria, in what was once the crusader Principality of Antioch. In order to detail the coastal environment during the crusader period in the Middle East, palynological analyses have been conducted on the underlying coastal-alluvial deposits. The recovered sediments represent a continuous record of the environmental history of the area spanning a c. ad 850-1850 cal. yr period, from the Muslim Era up to and including the late Ottoman times. During the local crusader period (ad 1100-1270), the area was dominated by an arborescent mattoral mixed with a xerophytic shrub-steppe. The alluvial plain was slightly waterlogged and colonized by a wetland meadow with an open vegetation of steppe-like character on bare surfaces and fresh arable soils. The riparian and open deciduous riverine forests were weakly developed. Signs of agricultural activities are mainly recorded for the High Medieval period (ad 1000-1300), with an increase of vineyards in the coastal area. Since c. ad 1250 cal. yr until the end of the crusader period, agricultural activities never reached the same intensity as during the Mameluke Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medieval coastal Syrian vegetation patterns in the principality of Antioch

et al. 2010

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“…It is widely agreed among researchers that Philip IV and his court were the primary architects of the Templars' persecution (Barber, 2012;Haag, 2010). It is possible that the French monarch truly displayed the character of a righteous and devout king who genuinely thought in his heart that the Templars were to blame for heresy (Bautier, 1978;Brown, 1988).…”

Section: The King Of Francementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1307, Templar leaders were accused by the French Crown of denying Christ, spitting on the Crucifix, idol worship, homosexuality, and obscenity (Barber, 2012). The Templars were caught in a crossfire, not on the battlefield, but in the political theater of the Middle Ages, a political battle between church and state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On one hand, there was King Philip IV of France; on the other, the pope. Though some historiographic perspectives highlight Philip's religious motivations (Bautier, 1978;Brown, 1988), there is a near consensus that Philip IV was worried about his financial predicament, regarding the trial as a chance to seize assets from the Templars and therefore improve his financial situation (Barber, 2012;Cohn, 1975;Ferris, 1902;Torre, 2010;Barber, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The King’s Gambit: Rationalizing the fall of the Templars

Benzecry

Shera

2023

Rationality and Society

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What can the fall of the Knights Templars teach us about medieval institutions? We highlight that the Templar’s annihilation results from the institutional shock of Pope Clement V’s decision to relocate the papacy from Italy to France. Prior to the relocation, an equilibrium persisted for more than a century where the Templars made loans to more powerful kings, with the reassurance that they were protected by the Church. The decision of Pope Clement V to relocate the papacy to France altered the Church’s relationship with the French Crown and imposed substantial constraints on the Church’s ability to safeguard one of its most important monastic orders, the Knights Templar. In a dynamic game scenario, we model Clement V and Philip IV’s decision making, emphasizing important choices that led to the Knights Templar’s demise. This historical episode illustrates the relationship between credible commitments and religious legitimacy, and the precarious and personal nature of pre-modern political institutions.

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“…It possessed castles and enclaves throughout Latin Christendom and over time broadened its mandate beyond faith-related activities into different areas, such as financing Popes and secular rulers. As a result of a changing religious climate after the 1291 fall of Acre and the struggle between the Pope and King Philip IV of France, the Order was dissolved in 1312 (Barber, 2002).…”

Section: Knights Templar Medievalismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conspiratorial medievalism: History and hyperagency in the far-right Knights Templar security imaginary

Millar

López

2021

Politics

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Imagery associated with the Knights Templar appears in the public discourse and symbolism of many white supremacist and white nationalist groups. The 2011 Norwegian mass murderer cited the Templars in his manifesto, as did the 2019 New Zealand shooter. Templar crosses were on display at the 2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, North Carolina. To understand the security imaginary behind these racialised medievalisms and their contemporary animation within right-wing extremism, this article develops the concept of ‘conspiratorial medievalism’. The Knights Templar imaginary blends a specific, racialised, and romanticised vision of history with the grammar of conspiracy theory. This is characterised by (a) a belief in the racialised decline and victimisation of a ‘righteous’ White Christendom; (b) a sense of threat posed by racialised Others and betrayal by insiders; and (c) an anachronistic view of near-omnipotent individual agency. Significantly, conspiratorial medievalism demonstrates an aspiration to not merely combat ‘undue’ agency of racialised Others, but to reclaim and perform extreme agency themselves. Agency is cast in the idiom of medieval chivalry and framed as the moral obligation of righteous White men. Although Knights Templar imagery may appear superficial, this article finds it is an important justificatory and enabling discourse for racist violence.

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The Trial of the Templars

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Medieval coastal Syrian vegetation patterns in the principality of Antioch

Medieval coastal Syrian vegetation patterns in the principality of Antioch

The King’s Gambit: Rationalizing the fall of the Templars

Conspiratorial medievalism: History and hyperagency in the far-right Knights Templar security imaginary

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