The tribe Scrophularieae (Scrophulariaceae): A Review of Phylogenetic Studies

Abstract

Molecular data have been increasingly used to study the phylogenetic relationships among many taxa, including scrophs. Sometimes they have provided phylogenetic reconstructions that are in conflict with morphological data leading to a re-evaluation of long-standing evolutionary hypotheses. In this paper, we review reports of the recent knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Scrophularieae (2011–2017). The results of these analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) Species of Scrophularia have undergone one or more Miocene migration events occurred from eastern Asia to the North America with subsequent long dispersal and diversification in three main directions. (2) Allopolyploid and aneuploid hybrid speciation between Scrophularia species can occur, so hybridization and polyploidy have an important role for history of diversification. (3) The ancestral staminode type for the genus Scrophularia seems to be a large staminode. (4) Monophyly of the genus Verbascum with respect to the genus Scrophularia is strongly supported. (5) Oreosolen, is not monophyletic, because all accessions of Oreosolen were nested within Scrophularia. We discuss methods of data collection and analysis, and we describe the areas of conflict and agreement between molecular phylogenies.

Taxonomy, comparative genomics of Mullein (Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Verbascum and Lamiales

“…To date, only chloroplast plastomes of three genera; Buddleja L. [4], Scrophularia L. [5], and Verbascum L. [6,7], have been studied in this family. The genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae, Lamiales), commonly recognized as "Mullein", comprises about 360 species that are widely distributed in temperate regions in Europe, Africa, and Asia [8][9][10][11]. The main diversity hotspot for this genus is Turkey with 235 existing species [12].…”

DNA barcoding of the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in the Arabian Peninsula

“…The present phylogenetic study shows that the genus Verbascum is monophyletic, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies (Ghahremaninejad & al., 2015; Sotoodeh, 2015; Riahi & Ghahremaninejad, 2019). In addition to revealing a novel phylogenetic relationship among the various species of Verbascum on the Arabian Peninsula, this study also provides 236 DNA sequences from 59 specimens from each region, representing 16 species of this genus.…”

“…Most studies on the systematics of both genera have focused on morphological characteristics (Murbeck, 1925(Murbeck, , 1933Hartl, 1977;Huber-Morath, 1978;Grabias & al., 1991;Juan & al., 1997). In contrast, a few studies have used molecular phylogenetics to understand the evolution of the morphology and the phylogenetic relationships between Verbascum and related genera or within the genus (Remal, 2014;Ghahremaninejad & al., 2015;Sotoodeh, 2015;Riahi & Ghahremaninejad, 2019). Until recently, the phylogeny of the genus Rhabdotosperma was unknown; however, as shown in the phylogenetic studies by Dong & al.…”