The Trilogy of SARS-CoV-2 in Pediatrics (Part 2): Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Tran, Van L; Parsons, Sarah; Nuibe, Andrew

doi:10.5863/1551-6776-26.4.318

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These cytokines may be studied as new therapeutic options as well. Tran et al 20 suggested that IL-1 may play an important role in the pathology of MIS-C and SARS-CoV-2. They reported that especially IL-1 β is higher in MIS-C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The difference of the inflammatory milieu in MIS-C and severe COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may have a severe course in children. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is the post-COVID complication characterized by an exaggerated inflammation, observed in children. However, data on the underlying pathophysiology are sparse. We therefore aimed to assess the cytokine and chemokine profiles of children with MIS-C and compare these to life-threatening severe SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls (HCs) to shed light on disease pathophysiology. Methods Samples of 31 children with MIS-C, 10 with severe/critical COVID-19 and 11 HCs were included. Cytokine and chemokine profiles were studied and compared in between groups. Results Most cytokines and chemokines related to IL-1 family and IFN-γ pathway (including IL-18 and MIG/CXCL9) and IL-17A were significantly higher in the MIS-C group when compared to the severe/critical COVID-19 group and HCs. IP-10/CXCL10 and IL-10 were higher in both MIS-C patients and severe/critical COVID-19 compared to HCs. Conclusion Our results suggest that IL-1 and IFN-γ pathways play an important role in the pathophysiology of MIS-C. Impact This study defines a pattern of distinctive immune responses in children with MIS-C and in patients with severe/critical COVID-19. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, biomarkers to identify MIS-C risk are needed to guide our management that study results may shed light on it.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The difference of the inflammatory milieu in MIS-C and severe COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, LMWH is preferred to UFH in pediatric patients due to good bioavailability, long duration of action and more studies supporting its use in the pediatric patient population [ 33 ]. The phase II trial, which was conducted in pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C patients in order to investigate safety and optimal dose of enoxaparin, showed that based on the absence of clinically relevant bleeding events and other adverse effects within the prespecified range of dose, this medication is safe [ 24 ].…”

Section: Thromboprophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboprophylaxis for Coagulopathy Related to COVID-19 in Pediatrics: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In addition to harming the respiratory system, COVID-19 can affect multiple organs. Children may develop a specific complication of COVID-19 called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which could influence the vascular system of children and cause multiple coagulopathies in the body. Information on the use of thromboprophylaxis in this condition was collected via the review of various articles. In general, different factors in immune system responses can trigger the initiation of thrombotic events. Studies have shown that starting anticoagulant prophylaxis, which contributes to decreased thrombotic events, is dependent on the patient's condition and D-dimer levels. However, further studies on pediatric populations are needed to establish the role of anticoagulants in children with this condition.

show abstract

“…As MIS-C frequently affects the heart, we may need to perform B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac enzymes and Troponin I or T, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. According to the organs affected, other laboratory tests may be needed[ 96 ]. MIS-C is primarily treated with supportive care, fluid resuscitation, and inotropic support as a cardiogenic shock is one of the most severe presentations.…”

Section: Covid-19-induced Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 disease and autoimmune disorders: A mutual pathway

Al‐Biltagi¹,

Saeed²,

Bediwy³

2022

WJM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a real challenge for humanity with high morbidity and mortality. Despite being primarily a respiratory illness, COVID-19 can affect nearly every human body tissue, causing many diseases. After viral infection, the immune system can recognize the viral antigens presented by the immune cells. This immune response is usually controlled and terminated once the infection is aborted. Nevertheless, in some patients, the immune reaction becomes out of control with the development of autoimmune diseases. Several human tissue antigens showed a strong response with antibodies directed against many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins, such as SARS-CoV-2 S, N, and autoimmune target proteins. The immunogenic effects of SARS-CoV-2 are due to the sizeable viral RNA molecules with interrupted transcription increasing the pool of epitopes with increased chances of molecular mimicry and interaction with the host immune system, the overlap between some viral and human peptides, the viral induced-tissue damage, and the robust and complex binding between sACE-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Consequently, COVID-19 and its vaccine may trigger the development of many autoimmune diseases in a predisposed patient. This review discusses the mutual relation between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases, their interactive effects on each other, the role of the COVID-19 vaccine in triggering autoimmune diseases, the factors affecting the severity of COVID-19 in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, and the different ways to minimize the risk of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases.

show abstract

The Trilogy of SARS-CoV-2 in Pediatrics (Part 2): Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

The difference of the inflammatory milieu in MIS-C and severe COVID-19

The difference of the inflammatory milieu in MIS-C and severe COVID-19

Thromboprophylaxis for Coagulopathy Related to COVID-19 in Pediatrics: A Narrative Review

COVID-19 disease and autoimmune disorders: A mutual pathway

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About