The Trimerization of Isocyanate‐Functionalized Prepolymers: An Effective Method for Synthesizing Well‐Defined Polymer Networks

Driest, Piet J.; Dijkstra, Dirk J.; Stamatialis, Dimitrios; Grijpma, Dirk W.

doi:10.1002/marc.201800867

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) networks were synthesized in analogy to a previously reported procedure [31] , with slight modifications. In a typical experiment, 4 g of propylene carbonate was weighed into a polypropylene cup.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Combinatorial Poly(urethane-isocyanurate) Network By the Trimerization Of Mixtures Of Nco-functionalized Prepolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently developed a method to synthesize homopolymeric well-defined poly(urethane-isocyanurate) (PUI) type polymer networks, that is based on the trimerization of NCO-functionalized prepolymers [31] . These networks, similar to photocrosslinked combinatorial ones, are readily synthesized and the use of a wide range of starting materials (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…any di-or polyol) and a wide range and control over final material properties are possible. Interestingly, it was found that the hydrophilic homopolymeric PUI materials based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) prepolymers demonstrated relatively high mechanical strength and toughness in the hydrated state for homopolymeric networks [31] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tough combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) polymer networks and hydrogels synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-prepolymers

et al. 2020

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The development of tough hydrogels is an essential but challenging topic in biomaterials research that has received much attention over the past years. By the combinatorial synthesis of polymer networks and hydrogels based on prepolymers with different properties, new materials with widely varying characteristics and unexpected properties may be identified. In this paper, we report on the properties of combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) (PUI) type polymer networks that were synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene gylcol) (PPG), poly( ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) prepolymers in solution. The resulting polymer networks showed widely varying material properties.Combinatorial PUI networks containing at least one hydrophilic PEG component showed high water uptakes of > 100 wt%. The resulting hydrogels demonstrated elastic moduli of up to 10.1 MPa, ultimate tensile strengths of up to 9.8 MPa, elongation at break values of up to 624.0% and toughness values of up to 53.4 MJ m −3 . These values are exceptionally high and show that combinatorial PUI hydrogels are among the toughest hydrogels reported in the literature. Also, the simple two-step synthesis and wide range of suitable starting materials make this synthesis method more versatile and widely applicable than the existing methods for synthesizing tough hydrogels. An important finding of this work is that the presence of a hydrophobic network component significantly enhances the toughness and tensile strength of the combinatorial PUI hydrogels in the hydrated state. This enhancement is the largest when the hydrophobic network component is crystallizable in nature. In fact, the PUI hydrogels containing a crystallizable hydrophobic network component are shown to be semi-crystalline in the water-swollen state. Due to their high toughness values in the water-swollen state together with their water uptake values, elastic moduli and ultimate tensile strengths, the developed hydrogels are expected to be promising materials for biomedical coating-and adhesive applications, as well as for tissue-engineering.

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Section: Synthesis Of Combinatorial Poly(urethane-isocyanurate) Network By the Trimerization Of Mixtures Of Nco-functionalized Prepolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tough combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) polymer networks and hydrogels synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-prepolymers

et al. 2020

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“…Since the trimerization of isocyanate occurs easily and controllably to form a clear trifunctional isocyanate ring, this reaction is an ideal candidate for the synthesis of a clear polymer network [ 3–5 ]. The trimer reaction of isocyanate can be used to prepare many kinds of materials, such as resin [ 6 ], foams [ 7 ], aerogel [ 8 , 9 ], hydrogel [ 10 , 11 ], polyurethane gradient material [ 12 , 13 ], shape memory material [ 14 ], etc. and it has been applied to aerospace, aviation, biology, medicine, shipbuilding and other fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction kinetics and properties of MDI base poly (urethane-isocyanurate) network polymers

Jiang

Ding

et al. 2021

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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“…A novel method to synthesize PU-based hydrogels has been developed [21,22], based upon the cyclotrimerization of isocyanate end-functionalized chains, which has been proven capable to provide networks with excellent swelling and improved mechanical properties, conjugated with a well-defined and controlled structure. To fully explore their potential, an investigation on how their structure and swelling properties may be controlled by different processing parameters is desired, since it is known the nano-scale features of a network are crucial in defining the material properties [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of end-cross-linked nanogels

Lenzi

Ramos

Marques

2020

Molecular Simulation

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Nanogels, due to their unique properties, have potential for promising applications in several fields. There is a growing interest in understanding which are the mechanisms controlling their properties, as those depend not only on composition, but also on internal structure. In this work Dissipative particle dynamics simulations were applied to simulate the formation of nanogels from monodisperse end-functionalized polymer chains, with the crosslinking reaction modelled using a distance-based algorithm, including a reversible intermediate step. Nanogel properties are studied by calculating their swelling transition curves and structure properties, such as network defects and entanglement state. Various chain lengths, reaction schemes, nanogel in silico synthesis methods and solvent ratios are compared and discussed, showing how these factors influence the nanogel swelling behaviour and structure.Our results show that, in order to be compared with experiments, nanogel simulations should carefully consider processing parameters.

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The Trimerization of Isocyanate‐Functionalized Prepolymers: An Effective Method for Synthesizing Well‐Defined Polymer Networks

Abstract: The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Tough combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) polymer networks and hydrogels synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-prepolymers

Tough combinatorial poly(urethane-isocyanurate) polymer networks and hydrogels synthesized by the trimerization of mixtures of NCO-prepolymers

Reaction kinetics and properties of MDI base poly (urethane-isocyanurate) network polymers

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of end-cross-linked nanogels

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