The Tripeptide, GHK, Induces Programmed Cell Death in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

Matalka, Luay E.; Ford, Ashley; Unlap, M. Tino

doi:10.4172/2155-952x.1000144

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Matalka et al reported that GHK or GHK-PEG (GHK-Polyethylene glycol) both reactivated apoptosis at 1 to 10 nanomolar and inhibited cell growth of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and human U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells. In contrast, both GHK and GHK-PEG increased the replication of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells [23].…”

Section: Regenerative and Anti-cancer Actions Of Copper Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Skin Regenerative and Anti-Cancer Actions of Copper Peptides

Pickart¹,

Margolina²

2018

Cosmetics

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Topical remedies capable of protecting skin from damage and supporting its regeneration can improve skin's health as well as its appearance. Small copper peptides have an excellent safety record and are widely used in cosmetic products. The most studied copper peptide is GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine), a small copper-binding peptide, naturally present in human plasma. Since its discovery in 1973, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that GHK-Cu possesses a wealth of health-positive actions including improving wound contraction and epithelization, and increasing the production of growth factors and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Recently, gene expression profiling shed new light on diverse biological actions of GHK-Cu. The present paper discusses evidence of GHK-Cu and other small copper peptides possessing potent anti-cancer properties.

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Section: Regenerative and Anti-cancer Actions Of Copper Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Skin Regenerative and Anti-Cancer Actions of Copper Peptides

Pickart¹,

Margolina²

2018

Cosmetics

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“…Subsequently, Matalka et al demonstrated that GHK, at 1 to 10 nanomolar, re-activated the apoptosis system, as measured by the caspases 3 and 7, and inhibited the growth of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, human U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells, and human breast cancer cells as confirmed by Tino Unlap (personal communication, October 2013). In contrast, the GHK accelerated the growth of healthy human NIH-3T3 fibroblasts [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Caspases are key activators of apoptosis. The data obtained by Matalka et al measured GHK's effect on caspases 3 and 7 [13]. GenePattern indicates that GHK increases gene expression in 6 of the 12 caspase human proteins plus the NLPR1 gene that encodes Ced-4 apoptosis proteins and the BCL2L14 apoptosis facilitator.…”

Section: Ghk Genes and Cancer Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

GHK, the Human Skin Remodeling Peptide, Induces Anti-Cancer Expression of Numerous Caspase, Growth Regulatory, and DNA Repair Genes

et al. 2014

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GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a human plasma copper-binding peptide that declines during aging. Numerous studies have established many biological actions of GHK: it improves tissue regeneration, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, increases cellular stemness; increases decorin, angiogenesis, and nerve outgrowth. In recent studies, GHK was found to switch gene expression from a diseased state to a healthier state for certain cancers and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In studies of aggressive, metastatic human colon cancer, the Broad Institute's Connectivity Map indicated that GHK, out of 1,309 bioactive molecules studied, reversed the expression of 70% of 54 genes over-expressed genes. GHK also reactivates programmed cell death in several cultured human cancer lines. To determine GHK's potential as a cancer treatment, we analyzed the molecule's effect on the human gene expression using the Connectivity Map. GHK induces a 50% or greater change of expression in 31.2% of human genes. GHK increased gene expression in 6 of the 12 human caspase genes that activate programmed cell death. In 28 other genes, GHK altered the pattern of gene expression in a manner that would be expected to inhibit cancer growth. For DNA repair genes, there was a one-sided increase in the expression of such genes (47 UP, 5 DOWN). A previous study found that a copper peptide plus ascorbic acid inhibited Ehrlich ascites cancer in mice. Using this method with GHK-copper gave a strong suppression of Sarcoma 180 in mice. These results support the idea that GHK may help to impede or suppress cancer growth.

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“…It also re-activated the apoptosis system, as measured by the caspases 3 and 7. In contrast, GHK stimulated the growth of healthy human NIH-3T3 fibroblasts [ 48 ].…”

Section: Ghk and Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data

Pickart¹,

Margolina²

2018

IJMS

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The human peptide GHK (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine) has multiple biological actions, all of which, according to our current knowledge, appear to be health positive. It stimulates blood vessel and nerve outgrowth, increases collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, as well as supports the function of dermal fibroblasts. GHK’s ability to improve tissue repair has been demonstrated for skin, lung connective tissue, boney tissue, liver, and stomach lining. GHK has also been found to possess powerful cell protective actions, such as multiple anti-cancer activities and anti-inflammatory actions, lung protection and restoration of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fibroblasts, suppression of molecules thought to accelerate the diseases of aging such as NFκB, anti-anxiety, anti-pain and anti-aggression activities, DNA repair, and activation of cell cleansing via the proteasome system. Recent genetic data may explain such diverse protective and healing actions of one molecule, revealing multiple biochemical pathways regulated by GHK.

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The Tripeptide, GHK, Induces Programmed Cell Death in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Skin Regenerative and Anti-Cancer Actions of Copper Peptides

Skin Regenerative and Anti-Cancer Actions of Copper Peptides

GHK, the Human Skin Remodeling Peptide, Induces Anti-Cancer Expression of Numerous Caspase, Growth Regulatory, and DNA Repair Genes

Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data

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