The LHC data-taking will resume in 2015 with energy of
13–14 TeV and luminosity of 2÷5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1.
At those energies, a considerable fraction of the particles produced
propagate in the high pseudo-rapidity regions. The proposal for the
upgrade of the CMS muon forward system involves Gas Electron
Multiplier (GEM) chambers to be installed during the second LHC Long
Shutdown (LS2) covering the pseudorapidity range 1.5 < |η| < 2.2.
This detector is able to handle the extreme particle rates expected
in this region when the LHC will be running at higher luminosity.
The GEM is an excellent choice, as its high spatial resolution
(order of 100 μm) allows to combine tracking and triggering
capabilities, which will improve the CMS muon High Level Trigger,
the muon identification and the track reconstruction. Intense R&D
has been going on since 2009 and it has lead to the development of
several GEM prototypes and associated detector electronics. These
GEM prototypes have been subjected to extensive tests in the
laboratory and in test beams at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
(SPS). This contribution will review the status of the CMS upgrade
project with GEMs, discussing also the trigger performance.