The Tropical easterly Jet and Sudan rainfall: A review

Hulme, Michael; Tosdevin, N.

doi:10.1007/bf00867945

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…3c-f, i-j). These changes are 30 in accordance with literature: wetter than average conditions in the Sahel are linked to a weaker and northward shifted AEJ (Nicholson and Grist, 2003;Nicholson, 2013) and a stronger TEJ (Grist and Nicholson, 2001;Jenkins et al, 2005;Nicholson, 2008;Hulme and Tosdevin, 1989).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Plant functional diversity affects climate–vegetation interaction

Groner¹,

Raddatz²,

Reick³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract.We present how variations in plant functional diversity affect climate-vegetation interaction towards the end of the African Humid Period (AHP) in coupled land-atmosphere simulations using the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model MPI-ESM.In experiments with AHP boundary conditions, the extent of the "green" Sahara varies considerably with changes in plant functional diversity. Differences in vegetation cover extent and Plant Functional Type (PFT) composition translate into sig-

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Plant functional diversity affects climate–vegetation interaction

Groner¹,

Raddatz²,

Reick³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…A stronger/weaker TEJ has been linked to wetter/drier conditions in the Sahel (e.g., [30,36,126]), western equatorial Africa [82,120], Ethiopia [127], and India [124] and to a decreased/increased number of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal [128]. Its link to rainfall in equatorial Africa is apparent in both the boreal spring and boreal autumn.…”

Section: Tropical Easterly Jetmentioning

confidence: 99%

The West African Sahel: A Review of Recent Studies on the Rainfall Regime and Its Interannual Variability

2013

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The West African Sahel is well known for the severe droughts that ravaged the region in the 1970s and 1980s. Meteorological research on the region has flourished during the last decade as a result of several major field experiments. This paper provides an overview of the results that have ensued. A major focus has been on the West African monsoon, a phenomenon that links all of West Africa. The characteristics and revised picture of the West African monsoon are emphasized. Other topics include the interannual variability of rainfall, the atmospheric circulation systems that govern interannual variability, characteristics of precipitation and convection, wave activity, large-scale factors in variability (including sea-surface temperatures), and land-atmosphere relationships. New paradigms for the monsoon and associated ITCZ and for interannual variability have emerged. These emphasize features in the upper atmosphere, as well as the Saharan Heat Low. Feedback mechanisms have also been emphasized, especially the coupling of convection with atmospheric dynamics and with land surface characteristics. New results also include the contrast between the premonsoon and peak monsoon seasons, two preferred modes of interannual variability (a latitudinal displacement of the tropical rainbelt versus changes in its intensity), and the critical importance of the Tropical Easterly Jet.

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“…The intensity and position of the TEJ influences Ethiopian precipitation mainly through modulating vertical motion and synoptic-scale disturbances that provide instability conditions for rainfall generation (Hulme and Tosdevin 1989). A strong and northward positioning of the TEJ usually results in excessive precipitation over Ethiopia (Segele and Lamb 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMIP5 model simulations of Ethiopian Kiremt-season precipitation: current climate and future changes

Ballard

et al. 2015

Clim Dyn

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over central Highlands and northern Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia, but a decrease in precipitation over the southern part of the country. Such a dipole pattern is attributable to the intensification of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH) in a warmer climate, which influences Ethiopian Kiremt-season precipitation mainly by modulating atmospheric vertical motion. Diagnosis of the omega equation demonstrates that an intensified NASH increases (decreases) the advection of warm air and positive vorticity into the central Highlands and northern Great Rift Valley (southern part of the country), enhancing upward motion over the northern Rift Valley but decreasing elsewhere. Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, the high-resolution models project an intensification of the NASH by 15 (3 × 10 5 m 2 s −2 ) geopotential meters (stream function) at the 850-hPa level, contributing to the projected precipitation change over Ethiopia. The influence of the NASH on Kiremtseason precipitation becomes more evident in the future due to the offsetting effects of two other major circulation systems: the East African Low-level Jet (EALLJ) and the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ). The high-resolution models project a strengthening of the EALLJ, but a weakening of the TEJ. Future changes in the EALLJ and TEJ will drive this precipitation system in opposite directions, leading to small or no net changes in precipitation in Ethiopia.

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The Tropical easterly Jet and Sudan rainfall: A review

Cited by 50 publications

References 34 publications

Plant functional diversity affects climate–vegetation interaction

Plant functional diversity affects climate–vegetation interaction

The West African Sahel: A Review of Recent Studies on the Rainfall Regime and Its Interannual Variability

CMIP5 model simulations of Ethiopian Kiremt-season precipitation: current climate and future changes

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