The Tropospheric Land–Sea Warming Contrast as the Driver of Tropical Sea Level Pressure Changes

Bayr, Tobias; Dommenget, Dietmar

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00731.1

Cited by 52 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The warming and moistening over the WNP, together with opposite changes over Asian continent weaken the land-sea thermal contrast, induce larger thermal contrast in the upper troposphere than in the lower troposphere and determine time scales for the significant EASM response. The results suggest an important role of the upper tropospheric land-sea thermal contrast for the response of the EASM, consistent with recent studies (e.g., Bayr andDommenget 2013, Dai et al 2013). …”

Section: Fast Adjustmentssupporting

confidence: 91%

Preferred response of the East Asian summer monsoon to local and non-local anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions

et al. 2015

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emissions, the large scale pattern of changes in land-sea thermal contrast, atmospheric circulation and local precipitation over East Asia from days 40 onward exhibits similar structures, indicating a preferred response, and suggesting that emissions from both regions likely contributed to the observed weakening of the EASM. Cooling and drying of the troposphere over Asia, together with warming and moistening over the WNP, reduces the land-sea thermal contrast between the Asian continent and surrounding oceans. This leads to high sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over Asia and low SLP anomalies over the WNP, associated with a weakened EASM. In response to emissions from both regions warming and moistening over the WNP plays an important role and determines the time scale of the response.

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Section: Fast Adjustmentssupporting

confidence: 91%

Preferred response of the East Asian summer monsoon to local and non-local anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions

et al. 2015

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“…To first order, the changes in precipitation appear to be caused by enhanced convection over the land (uplift) and suppressed convection over the ocean (subsidence), which coincide with a reduction in MSLP (Figs. 4c and 6c) as suggested by Bayr and Dommenget (2013). Nonetheless, the pattern correlation between the differences in precipitation and MSLP in Figs.…”

Section: All10ksupporting

confidence: 61%

“…More details on the derivation of Eq. (1) can be found in Best et al (2005) and Essery et al (2001Essery et al ( , 2003.…”

Section: Original Calculation In Accessmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Previous work has shown that Australian rainfall has changed regionally over the last 60 years (Smith, 2004;Berry et al, 2011); however, there has only been one study that perturbed the local surface conditions over the continent in order to account for the changes (Wardle and Smith, 2004). Wardle and Smith (2004) decreased the land surface albedo by a factor of 4 over the whole of the Australian continent to induce an increase in surface temperature and cause an increase in monsoon rainfall.…”

Section: Sub-tropical Experiment: Aus10kmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmosphere-only GCM (ACCESS1.0) simulations with prescribed land surface temperatures

Ackerley

Dommenget

2016

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) are valuable tools for understanding how the global ocean-atmosphereland surface system interacts and are routinely evaluated relative to observational data sets. Conversely, observational data sets can also be used to constrain GCMs in order to identify systematic errors in their simulated climates. One such example is to prescribe sea surface temperatures (SSTs) such that 70 % of the Earth's surface temperature field is observationally constrained (known as an Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, AMIP, simulation). Nevertheless, in such simulations, land surface temperatures are typically allowed to vary freely, and therefore any errors that develop over the land may affect the global circulation. In this study therefore, a method for prescribing the land surface temperatures within a GCM (the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator, ACCESS) is presented. Simulations with this prescribed land surface temperature model produce a mean climate state that is comparable to a simulation with freely varying land temperatures; for example, the diurnal cycle of tropical convection is maintained. The model is then developed further to incorporate a selection of "proof of concept" sensitivity experiments where the land surface temperatures are changed globally and regionally. The resulting changes to the global circulation in these sensitivity experiments are found to be consistent with other idealized model experiments described in the wider scientific literature. Finally, a list of other potential applications is described at the end of the study to highlight the usefulness of such a model to the scientific community.

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“…Ueda et al 2006;Dong et al 2009;Sun et al 2010;Fasullo 2012;Li et al 2012;Wu et al 2012;Zhu et al 2012;Bayr and Dommenget 2013). For example, the land-sea SAT contrast over the Far East in boreal summer has increased in recent decades (0.11 K decade -1 , Part I).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime land–sea thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation over East Asia in a warming climate—Part II: Importance of CO2-induced continental warming

2014

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In this the second of a two-part study, we examine the physical mechanisms responsible for the increasing contrast of the land-sea surface air temperature (SAT) in summertime over the Far East, as observed in recent decades and revealed in future climate projections obtained from a series of transient warming and sensitivity experiments conducted under the umbrella of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. On a global perspective, a strengthening of land-sea SAT contrast in the transient warming simulations of coupled atmosphereocean general circulation models is attributed to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). However, in boreal summer, the strengthened contrast over the Far East is reproduced only by increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration. In response to SST increase alone, the tropospheric warming over the interior of the mid-to highlatitude continents including Eurasia are weaker than those over the surrounding oceans, leading to a weakening of the land-sea SAT contrast over the Far East. Thus, the increasing contrast and associated change in atmospheric circulation over East Asia is explained by CO 2 -induced continental warming. The degree of strengthening of the land-sea SAT contrast varies in different transient warming scenarios, but is reproduced through a combination of the CO 2 -induced positive and SST-induced negative contributions to the land-sea contrast. These results imply that changes of climate patterns over the land-ocean boundary regions are sensitive to future scenarios of CO 2 concentration pathways including extreme cases.

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The Tropospheric Land–Sea Warming Contrast as the Driver of Tropical Sea Level Pressure Changes

Abstract: 12In this article we address the causes of the large-scale tropical sea level pressure

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Preferred response of the East Asian summer monsoon to local and non-local anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions

Preferred response of the East Asian summer monsoon to local and non-local anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions

Atmosphere-only GCM (ACCESS1.0) simulations with prescribed land surface temperatures

Summertime land–sea thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation over East Asia in a warming climate—Part II: Importance of CO2-induced continental warming

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