The Troubles of a Virus: The Seventh Marjory Stephenson Memorial Lecture

Andrewes, C. H.

doi:10.1099/00221287-40-2-149

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“…The elusiveness of IAV as a vaccine target has been known for 70 years (15), with the term ''antigenic drift'' being coined by 1965 (3). We now know that antigenic drift is based on the accumulation of amino acid substitutions in viral glycoproteins that gradually alter their antigenicity (36).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibody Immunodominance: The Key to Understanding Influenza Virus Antigenic Drift

2018

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Influenza A virus (IAV) imposes a significant socioeconomic burden on humanity. Vaccination is effective in only 60% of individuals, even under optimal circumstances. The difficulty stems from the remarkable ability of IAV to evade existing immunity. IAV's error prone polymerase enables the rapid antigenic evolution of the two virion surface glycoproteins, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin (HA). Since the most potent antibodies (Abs) at neutralizing viral infectivity are directed the head of the HA, amino acid substitutions in this region enable IAV to evade Ab-based immunity. Here, we review recent progress in understanding how immunodominance, the tendency of the immune system to respond to foreign immunogens in a hierarchical manner, shapes IAV evolution.

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confidence: 99%