The TRP2 Allele of COL9A2 is an Age-Dependent Risk Factor for the Development and Severity of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Jim, Jeffrey J.T.; Noponen-Hietala, Noora; Cheung, Kenneth M.C.; Ott, Jürg; Karppinen, Jaro; Sahraravand, Ahmad; Luk, Keith D. K.; Yip, Shea Ping; Sham, Pak C.; Song, You‐Qiang; Leong, J. C. Y.; Cheah, Kathryn S.E.; Ala‐Kokko, Leena; Chan, Danny

doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000190828.85331.ef

Cited by 133 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Another explanation could be that VESC is more prevalent in Europe, perhaps on the basis of specific genes that are associated with (1) an increased risk of tissue injury, (2) and increased response to injury, or (3) a decreased ability to heal injured tissue. In support of this theory, there are different prevalence rates of genes associated with disc degeneration for individuals from Northern Europe as compared to Asian populations [5,67,112,128,147]. Also, a recent study suggests that VESC may be related to increased response to injury, as a combination of specific genes (IL1A and MMP-3) increased the odds of having type 2 changes by eight times [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain

Jensen

Karppinen

Sorensen³

et al. 2008

Eur Spine J

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The prevalence of ''vertebral endplate signal changes'' (VESC) and its association with low back pain (LBP) varies greatly between studies. This wide range in reported prevalence rates and associations with LBP could be explained by differences in the definitions of VESC, LBP, or study sample. The objectives of this systematic critical review were to investigate the current literature in relation to the prevalence of VESC (including Modic changes) and the association with non-specific low back pain (LBP). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SveMED databases were searched for the period 1984 to November 2007. Included were the articles that reported the prevalence of VESC in non-LBP, general, working, and clinical populations. Included were also articles that investigated the association between VESC and LBP. Articles on specific LBP conditions were excluded. A checklist including items related to the research questions and overall quality of the articles was used for data collection and quality assessment. The reported prevalence rates were studied in relation to mean age, gender, study sample, year of publication, country of study, and quality score. To estimate the association between VESC and LBP, 2 9 2 tables were created to calculate the exact odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Eighty-two study samples from 77 original articles were identified and included in the analysis. The median of the reported prevalence rates for any type of VESC was 43% in patients with non-specific LBP and/or sciatica and 6% in non-clinical populations. The prevalence was positively associated with age and was negatively associated with the overall quality of the studies. A positive association between VESC and non-specific LBP was found in seven of ten studies from the general, working, and clinical populations with ORs from 2.0 to 19.9. This systematic review shows that VESC is a common MRI-finding in patients with non-specific LBP and is associated with pain. However, it should be noted that VESC may be present in individuals without LBP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain

Jensen

Karppinen

Sorensen³

et al. 2008

Eur Spine J

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400

297

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“…T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine was performed for all subjects, and the images were evaluated by a physiatrist with expertise in radiographic assessment who was blinded to the clinical assessment. The technical imaging approach used has been previously described in greater detail (17,18). The presence and extent of disc degeneration as well as other radiographic parameters of interest, as noted below, were assessed in every subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on such criteria, a score of 0 was associated with no signal changes for the disc, a score of 1 was assigned when a slight decrease in signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus was present, a score of 2 was associated with the presence of hypointensity of the nucleus pulposus and normal disc height, and a score of 3 was reserved for a hypointense nucleus pulposus with disc space narrowing. The score for each disc level was then summed to create an overall degenerative disc disease (DDD) score (17,18). Because only subjects with Ն2 levels of disc degeneration were included in the study, the minimum DDD score was 2, and the potential range for the DDD score was 2-15.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…variety of additional potential etiologic factors have been reported, suggesting that the impetus for disc degeneration may be a complex, multifactorial process (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Nonetheless, the effects of such degeneration, if progressive, may lead to the development of low back pain with or without sciatica.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although addressing genetic, developmental, or other potential etiologic factors (e.g., environmental, systematic diseases, hormonal) (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) that have been suggested to be associated with disc degeneration goes beyond the nature of our study design, one should not dismiss the possibility that such factors may play a role in the manifestation of SLDD. Although a biomechanical component is suggested as contributing to disc degeneration in this context, the suggestion requires further investigation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights based on “skipped” level disc pathology

Cheung¹,

Samartzis²,

Karppinen³

et al. 2010

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Typically, age and abnormal physical loading ("wear and tear") have been associated with the development of intervertebral disc degeneration. In the past decade, various additional etiologic factors for disc degeneration have been sporadically reported in the literature; however, many investigators continue to place tremendous emphasis on the effects of age and biomechanics associated with disc degeneration. The aim of this study was to provide additional insight into the notion that age and biomechanics are key factors in the development of disc degeneration. To this end, we addressed the prevalence of and risk factors associated with a unique pattern of disc degeneration of the lumbar spine, "skipped" level (nonconsecutive) disc degeneration (SLDD).Methods. As part of a large genetics-based study in southern Chinese individuals (n ‫؍‬ 1,989), a crosssectional analysis was performed in subjects exhibiting disc degeneration in >2 levels (n ‫؍‬ 838) who were then categorized as having SLDD (n ‫؍‬ 174) or non-SLDD (contiguous, multilevel; n ‫؍‬ 664). Various radiographic parameters were assessed based on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subject demographics were assessed, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results. Overall, 8.7% of the whole population (n ‫؍‬ 1,989) had SLDD, while it was present in 20.8% of subjects with multilevel disc degeneration (n ‫؍‬ 838). SLDD was more prevalent in male subjects (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04-2.10, P ‫؍‬ 0.028). SLDD was significantly associated with the presence of Schmorl's nodes (adjusted OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.78-4.15, P < 0.001), which also presented in levels with no disc degeneration. A history of disc bulge/extrusion (P ‫؍‬ 0.004) and/or a history of back injury (P ‫؍‬ 0.010) was significantly associated with non-SLDD, and a greater degree of overall severity of disc degeneration was also associated with non-SLDD. Other demographic and MRI findings did not significantly differ between groups.Conclusion. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the prevalence and risk factors associated with SLDD. Our study challenges the paradigm that age and biomechanics are the key factors associated with the development of disc degeneration. Although age and biomechanical factors may play a role in the manifestation of disc degeneration, our novel findings of SLDD patterns provide further awareness of and support for the notion that additional etiologic factors may play a role in the development of disc degeneration. Such factors warrant further investigation to shed light on the cause of disc degeneration.

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Periodic mesoporous organosilica grafted palladium organometallic complex: efficient heterogeneous catalyst for water‐medium organic reactions

Huang

Zhang

2010

Applied Organom Chemis

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Water-medium organic reactions were studied over periodic mesoporous silica (PMO) containing Pd(II) organometallic complex. This heterogeneous catalyst was achieved by Pd(II) compound coordinated with the PPh 2 -ligand onto the pore surface of phenylene-bridged PMO support. This catalyst displayed ordered mesoporous channels, which ensured the high dispersion of Pd(II) active sites and the convenient diffusion of reactant molecules into the pore channels. Meanwhile, the phenyl group in the pore wall of PMO could enhance the surface hydrophobicity which promoted the adsorption of organic reactant molecules on the catalyst in aqueous environment. As a result, this elaborated catalyst exhibited comparable activity and selectivity with the corresponding PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 homogeneous catalyst in the water-medium organic reactions, and could be used repeatedly, showing a good potential in industrial applications.

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The TRP2 Allele of COL9A2 is an Age-Dependent Risk Factor for the Development and Severity of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Cited by 133 publications

References 38 publications

Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain

Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain

Intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights based on “skipped” level disc pathology

Periodic mesoporous organosilica grafted palladium organometallic complex: efficient heterogeneous catalyst for water‐medium organic reactions

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