The trypanosomatid parasites of insects and arachnids

Wallace, F. G.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(66)90015-4

Cited by 262 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 98 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

153

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…are among some of the most wellstudied agents of parasitic diseases known today. In consequence, some of these organisms have long been the subject of investigation and speculation with regard to their evolutionary history (Léger, 1904;Wallace, 1966;Hoare, 1972;Vickerman, 1994) and, indeed, trypanosomatids were among some of the first parasites to be characterised with the new methods of isoenzyme typing developed in the 1970s (Godfrey & Kilgour, 1976;Miles et al, 1977). For many kinetoplastid groups (notably those of medical importance), the findings of early studies have since been superseded by results from more recent studies, which, in general, due to the techniques used, e.g.…”

Section: Kinteoplastid Phylogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetoplastid phylogenetics, with special reference to the evolution of parasitic trypanosomes

Stevens

2008

Parasite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary :To fully understand the evolutionary history of parasitic kinetoplastids and to understand the context within which the evolution of each parasite group has developed, an understanding not just of the parasites, but of all kinetoplastids is required. Accordingly, this paper provides an overview of kinetoplastid evolution and systematics, including coverage of the proposal by Moreira et al. (2004) to divide kinetoplasts into Prokinetoplastina (Ichthyobodo and Perkinsiella) and Metakinetoplastina (other bodonids and trypanosomatids). The implications of such a revision, with regard to correctly identifying outgroup taxa for studies of evolution within taxa of medical importance, are addressed, together with a more detailed review of the evolution and origins of the trypanosomes in the light of new phylogenies, new approaches and revisions in kinetoplastid systematics.KEY WORDS : kinetoplastid, trypanosome, Trypanosomatidae, Bodonidae, Prokinetoplastina, Metakinetoplastina, evolution.* School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK. E-mail: j.r.stevens@ex.ac.uk 2000) and even in those parasites of medical importance, it is little more than a decade since the widespread introduction of DNA sequencing technologies has allowed the evolution of parasitic trypanosomatids (and kinetoplastids in general) to be evaluated by formal phylogenetic analysis (Fernandes et al., 1993;Alvarez et al., 1996;Maslov et al., 1996;Lukes et al., 1997;Haag et al., 1998;Hannaert et al., 1998;Stevens et al., 1999Stevens et al., , 2001Wright et al., 1999;Hamilton et al., 2004;Moreira et al., 2004). To fully understand the evolutionary history of parasitic kinetoplastids and to understand the context within which the evolution of each parasite group has unfolded, an understanding not just of the parasites, but also of broader kinetoplastid phylogenetics is required. Accordingly, this paper provides an overview of kinetoplastid phylogenetics and evolution, together with a more detailed review of the evolution of the trypanosomes in the light of recent revisions in kinetoplastid systematics. For more comprehensive details of these topics, in addition to the references given above, readers are referred to reviews by Maslov et al. (2001), Stevens et al. (2001) and, most recently, Simpson et al. (2006). KINTEOPLASTID PHYLOGENETICST he order Kinetoplastida comprises a group of protozoa defined by the presence of a characteristic organelle, the kinetoplast (Vickerman, 1976), a large modified mitochondrion. Traditionally, the taxonomy of kinetoplastids has been based on morphological characters and lifecycles, with the group being subdivided into two suborders: Bodonina and Trypanosomatina (Vickerman, 1976; Lom, 1976 (Castellani, 1903;Bruce & Nabarro, 1903;Lyons, 1992), haemoflagellate parasites of humans and domestic animals, including trypanosomes and Leishmania spp. are among some of the most wellstudied agents of parasitic diseases known today. In consequence, some of these organisms have long been the subject of invest...

show abstract

Section: Kinteoplastid Phylogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetoplastid phylogenetics, with special reference to the evolution of parasitic trypanosomes

Stevens

2008

Parasite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flagellates of the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania found in haematophagous insects are capable of colonizing vertebrates, whereas members of the genus Phytomonas from phytophagous bugs can parasitize plants (Wallace, 1966;Vickerman, 1976;Podlipaev, 1990;Camargo, 1999). The remaining members of the family represent monoxenous insect parasites that are divided among several genera and numerous species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective recovery of the cultivation-prone components from mixed trypanosomatid infections: a case of several novel species isolated from Neotropical Heteroptera

Yurchenko

Lukeš

Jirků

et al. 2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mixed trypanosomatid infections (a simultaneous presence of two or more parasites in the same host) have long been suspected to represent an obstacle for recovering cultures that would faithfully represent original species descriptions. However, without the means to directly compare the parasites in the host and in culture, this would remain just a possibility. Here we have used PCR-based genotyping of spliced leader RNA gene repeats to analyse several novel species of insect trypanosomatids isolated from heteropteran hosts and to compare them with the parasites that had been detected in the gut smears of the same hosts. We have found that, whereas the original infections were dominated by some blastocrithidia-like parasites, most of the respective axenic cultures contained novel species of Crithidia and Leptomonas. Therefore, we concluded that, in each case, this replacement was caused by differences in cultivation properties between the original predominant blastocrithidia and the less fastidious parasite that was later recovered in culture. The properties of the new organisms, including their morphology and ultrastructure, as well as their phylogenetic affinities within the family, were investigated and used to describe five novel species.

show abstract

“…In addition to these heteroxenous organisms, several genera such as Crithidia, Herpetomonas, Blastocrithia and Leptomonas are restricted to a single host (monoxenous). Usually they are found infecting different insect orders such as Diptera, Hemiptera and Siphonaptera (Wallace 1966, Vickerman 1976. Such monoxenous or "lower trypanosomatids" have never been confirmed as pathogenic for human beings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite Genotypically Related to a Monoxenous Trypanosomatid of Dog's Flea Causing Opportunistic Infection in an HIV Positive Patient

Pacheco

Marzochi

Pires

et al. 1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The trypanosomatid parasites of insects and arachnids

Cited by 262 publications

References 98 publications

Kinetoplastid phylogenetics, with special reference to the evolution of parasitic trypanosomes

Kinetoplastid phylogenetics, with special reference to the evolution of parasitic trypanosomes

Selective recovery of the cultivation-prone components from mixed trypanosomatid infections: a case of several novel species isolated from Neotropical Heteroptera

Parasite Genotypically Related to a Monoxenous Trypanosomatid of Dog's Flea Causing Opportunistic Infection in an HIV Positive Patient

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About