The Tsinghua–Lancet Commission on Healthy Cities in China: unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China

Yang, Jun; Siri, José G.; Remais, Justin V.; Cheng, Qu; Zhang, Han; Chan, Karen Kie Yan; Sun, Zhe; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Cong, Na; Li, Xueyan; Zhang, Wei; Bai, Yuqi; Bi, Jun; Cai, Wenjia; Chan, Emily Ying Yang; Chen, Wanqing; Fan, Weicheng; Fu, Hua; He, Jia; Huang, Hong; Ji, John S.; Jia, Peng; Jiang, Xiaopeng; Kwan, Mei‐Po; Li, Tianhong; Li, Xiguang; Liang, Song; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lu, Liang; Liu, Qiyong; Lu, Yongmei; Luo, Yong; Ma, Xiulian; Schwartländer, Bernhard; Shen, Zhiyong; Shi, Peijun; Su, Jing; Wu, Tinghai; Yang, Chuan‐Fu; Yin, Yongyuan; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Yinping; Zhang, Yong; Xu, Bing; Gong, Peng

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30486-0

Cited by 180 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 216 publications

(227 reference statements)

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“…Nationwide, the PM2.5 dropped from an annual average of 64 μg/m 3 in 2014 to 47 μg/m 3 in 2016. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions were 39.6%, 34.3%, and 27.7% lower than those of 2013, respectively [28]. However, the average levels of PM2.5 were 58 μg/m 3 and 39 μg/m 3 in Beijing and Shanghai, respectively, in 2017 [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions were 39.6%, 34.3%, and 27.7% lower than those of 2013, respectively [28]. However, the average levels of PM2.5 were 58 μg/m 3 and 39 μg/m 3 in Beijing and Shanghai, respectively, in 2017 [28]. The surface water quality continued to improve, with the percentage of water quality better than grade III increasing to 67.8% in 2016 [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by all United Nations (UN) member states in 2015, established a set of bold and ambitious health-related targets to achieve by 2030. Understanding China’s progress toward these targets is critical to improving population health for its 1.4 billion people.Methods and findingsWe used estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016, national surveys and surveillance data from China, and qualitative data. Twenty-eight of the 37 indicators included in the GBD Study 2016 were analyzed. We developed an attainment index of health-related SDGs, a scale of 0–100 based on the values of indicators. The projection model is adjusted based on the one developed by the GBD Study 2016 SDG collaborators.We found that China has achieved several health-related SDG targets, including decreasing neonatal and under-5 mortality rates and the maternal mortality ratios and reducing wasting and stunting for children. However, China may only achieve 12 out of the 28 health-related SDG targets by 2030. The number of target indicators achieved varies among provinces and municipalities. In 2016, among the seven measured health domains, China performed best in child nutrition and maternal and child health and reproductive health, with the attainment index scores of 93.0 and 91.8, respectively, followed by noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (69.4), road injuries (63.6), infectious diseases (63.0), environmental health (62.9), and universal health coverage (UHC) (54.4). There are daunting challenges to achieve the targets for child overweight, infectious diseases, NCD risk factors, and environmental exposure factors. China will also have a formidable challenge in achieving UHC, particularly in ensuring access to essential healthcare for all and providing adequate financial protection. The attainment index of child nutrition is projected to drop to 80.5 by 2025 because of worsening child overweight. The index of NCD risk factors is projected to drop to 38.8 by 2025. Regional disparities are substantial, with eastern provinces generally performing better than central and western provinces. Sex disparities are clear, with men at higher risk of excess mortality than women. The primary limitations of this study are the limited data availability and quality for several indicators and the adoption of "business-as-usual" projection methods.ConclusionThe study found that China has made good progress in improving population health, but challenges lie ahead. China has substantially improved the health of children and women and will continue to make good progress, although geographic disparities remain a great challenge. Meanwhile, China faced challenges in NCDs, mental health, and some infectious diseases. Poor control of health risk factors and worsening environmental threats have posed difficulties in further health improvement. Meanwhile, an inefficient health system is a barrier to tackling these challenges among such a rapidly aging population. The eastern provinces are predicted to pe...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

et al. 2019

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“…The importance of health services and related facilities in public health promotion has been repeatedly emphasized by the Tsinghua-Lancet Commission on healthy cities in China [63]. Regarding the definition of health service resources, Jiang posited that in a broad sense, "health service resources" is a general term for all resources that are conducive to better physical and mental health of people.…”

Section: Definition Of Health Service Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spatial Distribution Equilibrium Evaluation of Health Service Resources at Community Grid Scale in Yichang, China

Chen

Bai

Zhang³

et al. 2019

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Whether the supplies of health services and related facilities meet the demand is a critical issue when developing healthy cities. The importance of health services and related facilities in public health promotion has been adequately proved. However, since the community population and resource data are usually available at the scale of an administrative region; it is very difficult to perform further fine-scaled spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation studies. Such kinds of activities are highly expected for precise urban planning and management. Yichang is located in Hubei province, the central part of China, along the Yangzi River. It is leading both of China's smart cities demonstration project and China's healthy cities pilot project. Yichang has defined 1271 community grids for urban management and service, where each grid consists of 200 households generally with its population distribution data routinely updated. The research set the 15-min walking distances of the residents as impedance factors, and the numbers and the types of health service resources as attractiveness factors for accessibility evaluation. The resource ratio, richness and per capita number of various health service resources that can be reached within 15 min from the community grid building is used as spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation indicators. The entropy weight method is used to assign the indicator weight value. The obtained fine-scale evaluation results were analyzed. In this way, a community grid-scale spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation of health service resources in Yichang was performed. The proposed research could be of value for rapid and precise evaluation of spatial distribution equilibrium evaluation of a variety of healthy city resources, to support healthy city planning and management.

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“…Third, because this is one of the most densely populated regions in the world, human biometeorology is a field with great concern. For instance, many papers in recent years discussed seasonality of mortality, its relationship with temperatures, and other meteorological factors in east and south Asia (Motohashi et al 1996;Tan et al 2007;Yang et al 2019;Yi and Chan 2015), and some of them are published on very high-ranking journals (Xu et al 2016;Yang et al 2018). Fourth, phenological observations in China and other areas of Asia have a long tradition and people in the past laid a very solid foundation in the field, making it one of the most active areas in biometeorology, and some of them fill a spatial gap that did exist in the pheno-trend studies of the Northern Hemisphere using data of ground observations (Ge et al 2015;Dai et al 2014).…”

Section: Recent Progress For Biometeorology In the World And In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreword for IJB Special Issue on Asian Biometeorology

2019

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The Tsinghua–Lancet Commission on Healthy Cities in China: unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China

Cited by 180 publications

References 216 publications

Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

A Spatial Distribution Equilibrium Evaluation of Health Service Resources at Community Grid Scale in Yichang, China

Foreword for IJB Special Issue on Asian Biometeorology

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