The Tug-of-War between Plants and Viruses: Great Progress and Many Remaining Questions

Wu, Xiaoyun; Vallí, Adrián; Garcı́a, Juan Antonio; Zhou, Xueping; Cheng, Xiaofei

doi:10.3390/v11030203

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 248 publications

(285 reference statements)

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“…The molecular determinants involved in potyvirus host jumps, either from the virus or the plant side, are largely unknown (but see [6,14,16]). Given the multiple virus and host factors interacting during virus infection [37][38][39], it would be interesting to test formally the hypothesis of common genetic determinants involved in multiple host gains in potyviruses by reverse genetics approaches. Our study suggests candidate potyviruses and plant species for these approaches ( Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Range Evolution of Potyviruses: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis

Moury

Desbiez

2020

Viruses

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Virus host range, i.e., the number and diversity of host species of viruses, is an important determinant of disease emergence and of the efficiency of disease control strategies. However, for plant viruses, little is known about the genetic or ecological factors involved in the evolution of host range. Using available genome sequences and host range data, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of host range evolution in the genus Potyvirus, a large group of plant RNA viruses that has undergone a radiative evolution circa 7000 years ago, contemporaneously with agriculture intensification in mid Holocene. Maximum likelihood inference based on a set of 59 potyviruses and 38 plant species showed frequent host range changes during potyvirus evolution, with 4.6 changes per plant species on average, including 3.1 host gains and 1.5 host loss. These changes were quite recent, 74% of them being inferred on the terminal branches of the potyvirus tree. The most striking result was the high frequency of correlated host gains occurring repeatedly in different branches of the potyvirus tree, which raises the question of the dependence of the molecular and/or ecological mechanisms involved in adaptation to different plant species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Range Evolution of Potyviruses: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis

Moury

Desbiez

2020

Viruses

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“…Therefore, development of effective control strategies is crucial to pepper farmers. It is well known that successful virus infection in plant depends on the outcome of arm race between virus and host plant, and autophagy plays crucial roles in the arm race [ 30 – 32 ]. To date, how PMMoV modulates host autophagy is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal an antiviral role of autophagy during pepper mild mottle virus infection

Jiao

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a member in the genus Tobamovirus and infects mainly solanaceous plants. However, the mechanism of virus-host interactions remains unclear. To explore the responses of pepper plants to PMMoV infection, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes in pepper plants after PMMoV infection using a high-throughput RNA sequencing approach and explored the roles of host autophagy in regulating PMMoV infection. Results A total of 197 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after PMMoV infection, including 172 significantly up-regulated genes and 25 down-regulated genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that most up-regulated DEGs were involved in plant abiotic and biotic stresses. Further analyses showed the expressions of multiple autophagy-related genes (ATGs) were increased after PMMoV infection in pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Through confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we have found that PMMoV infection in plant can induce autophagy, evidenced by the increased number of GFP-ATG8a fluorescent punctate and the appearance of double membrane autophagic structures in cells of N. benthamiana. Additionally, inhibition of autophagy significantly increased PMMoV RNA accumulation and aggravated systemic PMMoV symptoms through autophagy inhibitor (3-MA and E64d) treatment and silencing of NbATG expressions by a Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing assays. These results indicated that autophagy played a positive role in plant resistance to PMMoV infection. Conclusions Taken together, our results provide a transcriptomic insight into pepper responding to PMMoV infection and reveal that autophagy induced by PMMoV infection has an antiviral role in regulating PMMoV infection. These results also help us to better understand the mechanism controlling PMMoV infection in plants and to develop better strategies for breeding projects for virus-resistant crops.

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“…Plants depend on a sophisticated multilayer immune system to combat virus infection. Innate immunity, RNA silencing, translational repression, and ubiquitination-mediated and autophagy-mediated protein degradation are the major defense mechanisms against viruses in plants [32]. The RNA silencing pathway is the major, evolutionarily conserved antiviral mechanism in plants.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Resistance To Pvymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Molecular Responses to Potato Virus Y: A Continuum of Outcomes from Sensitivity and Tolerance to Resistance

Baebler

Coll

Gruden

2020

Viruses

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Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most economically important virus affecting potato production. PVY manipulates the plant cell machinery in order to successfully complete the infecting cycle. On the other side, the plant activates a sophisticated multilayer immune defense response to combat viral infection. The balance between these mechanisms, depending on the plant genotype and environment, results in a specific outcome that can be resistance, sensitivity, or tolerance. In this review, we summarize and compare the current knowledge on molecular events, leading to different phenotypic outcomes in response to PVY and try to link them with the known molecular mechanisms.

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The Tug-of-War between Plants and Viruses: Great Progress and Many Remaining Questions

Cited by 67 publications

References 248 publications

Host Range Evolution of Potyviruses: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis

Host Range Evolution of Potyviruses: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis

Transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal an antiviral role of autophagy during pepper mild mottle virus infection

Plant Molecular Responses to Potato Virus Y: A Continuum of Outcomes from Sensitivity and Tolerance to Resistance

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