The tumor immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after gemcitabine plus cisplatin treatment

Identification and validation of immune‐related methylated genes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

“…For patients with R/M NPC, gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) is recommended as the preferred first‐line systemic treatment by Current NCCN Head and Neck Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines® (https://www.nccn.org/). 4 After GP treatment, the TME of NPC undergoes modifications, leading to the activation of an innate‐like B‐cell (ILB)‐dominant antitumor immune response mediated by DNA fragments through Toll‐like receptor 9 signaling 34 . Consequently, ILB enhanced cytotoxic T cells in tertiary lymphoid organ‐like structures.…”

Chemotherapy tips the scale in favour of cancer‐fighting B cells

“…There is increasing evidence that conventional treatment modali-ties, in addition to direct tumour killing, can also exert immunomodulatory effects. 2 In this new work, 1 Lv et al found that efficient chemotherapy substantially reshaped composition and functionality of tumour immune infiltrates towards antitumour microenvironment in NPC, where antigen-presentation capacity of tumour cells was enhanced, accompanied by increased effector T cells, while immunosuppressive elements were substantially eliminated. Intriguingly, the rewired antitumour network did not solely consist of pre-existing tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes; it contained large amounts of novel clonotypes that had not been detected in pre-treatment counterparts.…”

“…In a newly published study in Nature Medicine , Lv et al. revealed how clinically efficient chemotherapy (i.e., gemcitabine, cisplatin) rewired the tumour tissue architectures in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) 1 . In this work, they identified a unique subset of innate‐like B cells (ILBs) that mainly accumulate in tertiary lymphoid organ‐like structures (TLSs), expand follicular helper (T FH ) and helper type‐1 T (T H 1) cells via the ICOSL–ICOS axis and eventually promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses 1 …”

“…In a newly published study in Nature Medicine, Lv et al revealed how clinically efficient chemotherapy (i.e., gemcitabine, cisplatin) rewired the tumour tissue architectures in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). 1 In this work, they identified a unique subset of innate-like B cells (ILBs) that mainly accumulate in tertiary lymphoid organ-like structures (TLSs), expand follicular helper (T FH ) and helper type-1 T (T H 1) cells via the ICOSL-ICOS axis and eventually promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. 1 The success of immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionised cancer management, as revealed by recent studies showing that various types of tumours can be efficiently treated by targeting immune components rather than solely by targeting malignant cells.…”

“…1 In this work, they identified a unique subset of innate-like B cells (ILBs) that mainly accumulate in tertiary lymphoid organ-like structures (TLSs), expand follicular helper (T FH ) and helper type-1 T (T H 1) cells via the ICOSL-ICOS axis and eventually promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. 1 The success of immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionised cancer management, as revealed by recent studies showing that various types of tumours can be efficiently treated by targeting immune components rather than solely by targeting malignant cells. There is increasing evidence that conventional treatment modali-ties, in addition to direct tumour killing, can also exert immunomodulatory effects.…”