The Tunnel Lane Positioning System of a Autonomous Vehicle in the LED Lighting

Tunnel lane‐positioning system for autonomous driving cars using LED chromaticity and fuzzy logic system

“…This paper presents simulations in the environment of three-lane tunnels with LEDs of different color temperatures, and the results show that position estimation is possible by the analyzing chromaticity of LED lights. To improve the precision of positioning, a fuzzy logic system is added to the location function in the literature [1]. The experimental results showed that the average error was 0.0619 cm, and verify that the performance of developed position estimation system is viable compared with previous works.…”

“…It shows that the chromaticity theory is presented in literature [1,2]. Color is distinguished based on wavelength and can be represented by red, green, and blue values (R, G, B).…”

Fuzzy Logic Vehicle Positioning System Based on Chromaticity and Frequency Components of LED Illumination

“…Several studies have addressed the development of autonomous vehicles that intend to provide safe and efficient mobility to the driver and passengers [1]- [5]. Autonomous vehicles are systems comprising several new technologies, such as advanced sensors, communication systems, and intelligent controllers, to enable a vehicle to recognize its surroundings, analyze risk, and support safe driving (active control).…”

“…Positioning is an essential technology for the success of autonomous navigation [1]- [5]. In fact, a variety of positioning sensors are being used in the navigation systems of autonomous vehicles, and intensive research is being devoted to minimize measurement errors in every sensor and improve positioning accuracy by exploiting the capabilities of modern sensors.…”

“…Regarding the characteristics of commonly used positioning sensors, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) involves a satellite network to calculate the position of a receiver through triangulation by using the time of satellite signal arrival and the position of other satellites. However, it retrieves a measurement error of approximately 7 m due to various factors [1]- [11], rendering it inaccurate for autonomous vehicles. The differential GNSS uses a ground master station to handle satellite clock error, ion/ionospheric error, and orbit error, reducing the measurement error to approximately 2 m [1], [2].…”