The Turbocharged GDI Engine: Boosted Synergies for High Fuel Economy Plus Ultra-low Emission

Bandel, Wolfgang; Fraidl, Günter; Kapus, Paul; Sikinger, H.; Cowland, Chris

doi:10.4271/2006-01-1266

Cited by 107 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Introducing EGR allows the engine to operate in stoichiometric conditions with the straight positive impact on brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). This was also observed by Bandel et al [7], showing that with a small amount of EGR rate the fuel enrichment strategy can be eliminated at full load. According to Figure 11a introducing 14% of EGR leads to a fuel consumption decreases of 22%, also increasing in more than 4% the indicated efficiency compared to the reference operating conditions.…”

Section: Combustion and Engine Performancesupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The EGR reduces the knocking tendency, the pumping losses, the exhaust gas temperature and the heat losses through the cylinder walls. It has been reported how introducing in some cases just 5% to 10% of cooled EGR at high loads avoids the need of operating the engine in rich fuel-to-air ratio conditions (fuel enrichment strategy) to control the exhaust gas temperature as observed by Bandel et al in their research work [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of a low pressure EGR loop on a gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine

Luján

Climent

Novella

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents an experimental study of a low pressure EGR loop on a spark ignition (SI) Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection (GTDI) engine that will improve the understanding on the advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. Two steady engine operating conditions were investigated, 10 bar and 17 bar at 2000 rpm. At partial load conditions a combustion, performance, air management and exhaust gas emissions study was performed in order to analyses the EGR effect on the GTDI engine. The main advantages found were the reduction in fuel consumption due to the better combustion phasing, and the reduction in pumping losses and heat losses through the cylinder walls. A reduction on NOx, CO and soot was also observed when introducing EGR at these operating conditions. The main disadvantage found was the water condensation after the intercooler. At high load conditions similar analysis and conclusions to the partial load conditions are obtained. The EGR also allowed the combustion to be phased in a more efficient angle by reducing the risk of knocking, which helped reduce the exhaust gas temperature, despite the elimination of the fuel enrichment strategy. A reduction on CO and soot raw emissions was also observed when introducing EGR, as observed at partial load conditions, but a high reduction in NOx, CO, HC and soot emissions was observed after the catalyst since the fuel enrichment strategy is eliminated when cooled EGR is introduced. The main disadvantage found was the turbocharger limitation since higher compression ratio is required in order to keep the same air mass flow as the reference conditions without EGR. The original turbocharger is not designed to provide this higher compression ratio at low engine speed and high load. Results confirm how introducing EGR is a suitable strategy to control knocking and reduce simultaneously exhaust gas temperature and fuel consumption, but the disadvantages found in this investigation must be solved to assure its feasibility as a powerful technology to be implemented in future SI engines.

show abstract

Section: Combustion and Engine Performancesupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Influence of a low pressure EGR loop on a gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine

Luján

Climent

Novella

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The in-flight fuel evaporation cools the charge, thereby improving the volumetric efficiency and extending the knock margin. These attributes have made the technology an enabler for highly boosted, downsized engines which offer substantial gains in fuel economy [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Nature of Particulate Emissions from DISI Engines at Cold-Fast-Idle

Ketterer¹,

Cheng²

2014

SAE Int. J. Engines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particulate emissions from a production gasoline direct injection spark ignition engine were studied under a typical cold-fast-idle condition (1200 rpm, 2 bar NIMEP). The particle number (PN) density in the 22 to 365 nm range was measured as a function of the injection timing with single pulse injection and with split injection. Very low PN emissions were observed when injection took place in the mid intake stroke because of the fast fuel evaporation and mixing processes which were facilitated by the high turbulent kinetic energy created by the intake charge motion. Under these conditions, substantial liquid fuel film formation on the combustion chamber surfaces was avoided. PN emissions increased when injection took place in the compression stroke, and increased substantially when the fuel spray hit the piston. A conceptual model was established for the particulate matter (PM) formation process in which PM is formed by pyrolysis after the normal premixed flame passage in fuel rich plumes originating from liquid films on the cylinder walls. The pyrolysis process is supported by heat conducted from the hot burned gases outside the plume and by the energy released by the pyrolysis reactions. Thus, the "pool fire" often observed is not a diffusion flame since the small amount of residual oxygen in the burned gases cannot support such a flame. The luminosity is radiation from the hot soot particles which are not oxidized after being formed in the pyrolysis reactions. This model was supported by the PN data obtained from sweeping the charge equivalence ratio from lean to rich.

show abstract

“…In addition, the charge cooling effect observed during fuel injection allows for the use of higher compression ratios, with reduced risk of knocking. These benefits are gaining more attention with the continuing trend of downsizing and super-or turbocharging of engines, due to increasingly strict emissions regulations [5,6,7]. Additional benefits of GDI are the option to completely shut-off fuel supply while coasting [8] and improved cold start behaviour compared to PFI engines [9,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unlike in port fuel injection (PFI) systems, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines deliver fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This opens up the possibility of new injection strategies and can improve efficiency and fuel consumption, especially under partial load [1,2,3]. An additional advantage is the so-called stratified charge operation, which allows adjustment of the injection and ignition timings of the engine, to further optimise engine operation [4]. In addition, the charge cooling effect observed during fuel injection allows for the use of higher compression ratios, with reduced risk of knocking. These benefits are gaining more attention with the continuing trend of downsizing and super-or turbocharging of engines, due to increasingly strict emissions regulations [5,6,7]. Additional benefits of GDI are the option to completely shut-off fuel supply while coasting [8] and improved cold start behaviour compared to PFI engines [9,10].One major challenge of the GDI concept, however, is the potential for increased formation of particulate emissions. Recent emissions legislations such as EURO 6 in Europe and LEV III (Low Emissions Vehicle Program) in the US pose very strict limitations on particle number and mass (PM) concentrations [11,12]. Methods to control particulate emissions from GDI engines are therefore important.Introduction of an injector into the combustion chamber of a GDI engine results in direct exposure of the injector tip to the harsh conditions occurring during combustion. Because the flame directly interacts with the nozzle, combustion products can be deposited on the surface and inside cavities. This is usually referred to as injector fouling or coking and can have an adverse effect on fuel consumption, engine performance and both hydrocarbons and particulate emissions. Formation of deposits on the injector tip can result in alteration of spray pattern leading to increased spray impingement and therefore increased particulate emissions [13,14,15,16].The phenomenon of injector fouling and how it is influenced by fuel and engine parameters was the focus of a number of studies. Aradi et al. [17] investigated different fuel blends under several conditions in a four cylinder engine. They used rich fuel-to-air ratios in order to promote fouling. By measuring the temperature of the injector tip with an internal sensor, they saw that with increasing temperature Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines ABSTRACTIn Gasoline Direct Injection engines, direct exposure of the injector to the flame can cause combustion products to accumulate on the nozzle, which can result in increased particulate emissions. This research observes the impact of injector fouling on particulate emissions and the associated injector spray pattern and shows how both can be reversed by utilising fuel detergency. For this purpose multi-hole injectors were deliberately fouled in a four-cylinder test engine with two different base fuels. During a fo...

show abstract

The Turbocharged GDI Engine: Boosted Synergies for High Fuel Economy Plus Ultra-low Emission

Cited by 107 publications

References 3 publications

Influence of a low pressure EGR loop on a gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine

Influence of a low pressure EGR loop on a gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine

On the Nature of Particulate Emissions from DISI Engines at Cold-Fast-Idle

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About