The turgor pressure of growing lily pollen tubes

Benkert, R.; Obermeyer, Gerhard; Bentrup, Friedrich‐Wilhelm

doi:10.1007/bf01282125

Cited by 157 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Depending on the amount of pectin inserted into the wall, and the initial reduced cross-linking, either by Ca 2+ or borate, cell wall extensibility increases and allows turgor-driven cell expansion. These considerations also help explain why turgor pressure per se is not correlated with the rate of growth in lily pollen tubes (Benkert et al, 1997). So long as turgor exists within a permissible range (i.e., 0.1 to 0.4 MPa for lily pollen tubes), newly secreted wall material will be forced into the wall, with the rate of expansion being dependent on the amount of wall material, as shown herein.…”

Section: The Amount Of Wall Materials Strongly Predicts the Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 83%

“…Exocytosis delivers pectins, which are largely esterified, to the periplasmic space. Turgor pressure, which has been determined to be 0.1 to 0.4 MPa in lily (Benkert et al, 1997), forces these pectins into the wall matrix. In this model, it is our intention to indicate that turgor pressure is constant during growth, as experimentally measured by Benkert et al (1997), and does not oscillate as proposed recently by Zonia and Munnik (2009).…”

Section: The Amount Of Wall Materials Strongly Predicts the Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turgor pressure, which has been determined to be 0.1 to 0.4 MPa in lily (Benkert et al, 1997), forces these pectins into the wall matrix. In this model, it is our intention to indicate that turgor pressure is constant during growth, as experimentally measured by Benkert et al (1997), and does not oscillate as proposed recently by Zonia and Munnik (2009). It seems plausible that the turgor pressure would stretch existing links in the apical wall and provide molecular openings for the insertion of the new material.…”

Section: The Amount Of Wall Materials Strongly Predicts the Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in Oscillating Pollen Tubes

et al. 2009

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We examined exocytosis during oscillatory growth in lily (Lilium formosanum and Lilium longiflorum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes using three markers: (1) changes in cell wall thickness by Nomarski differential interference contrast (DIC), (2) changes in apical cell wall fluorescence in cells stained with propidium iodide (PI), and (3) changes in apical wall fluorescence in cells expressing tobacco pectin methyl esterase fused to green fluorescent protein (PME-GFP). Using PI fluorescence, we quantified oscillatory changes in the amount of wall material from both lily and tobacco pollen tubes. Measurement of wall thickness by DIC was only possible with lily due to limitations of microscope resolution. PME-GFP, a direct marker for exocytosis, only provides information in tobacco because its expression in lily causes growth inhibition and cell death. We show that exocytosis in pollen tubes oscillates and leads the increase in growth rate; the mean phase difference between exocytosis and growth is -988 6 38 in lily and -1248 6 48 in tobacco. Statistical analyses reveal that the anticipatory increase in wall material predicts, to a high degree, the rate and extent of the subsequent growth surge. Exocytosis emerges as a prime candidate for the initiation and regulation of oscillatory pollen tube growth.

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Section: The Amount Of Wall Materials Strongly Predicts the Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 83%

Section: The Amount Of Wall Materials Strongly Predicts the Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Amount Of Wall Materials Strongly Predicts the Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in Oscillating Pollen Tubes

et al. 2009

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“…The decrease of Glc and Fru and the parallel increase in Suc before germination might reflect the generation of starch grains during the first phase of pollen cultivation (Dickinson, 1968;Nakamura et al, 1980). The later increase in both monosaccharides probably indicates starch degradation, which delivers the energy necessary for tube growth, and may also account for an increase in the osmotic potential of the tube's cytosol to allow influx of water and keeping the turgor pressure constant (Benkert et al, 1997). Other monosaccharides, e.g.…”

Section: Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Adaption of Metabolic Pathways during Germination and Growth of Lily Pollen Tubes after Inhibition of the Electron Transport Chain

et al. 2013

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Investigation of the metabolome and the transcriptome of pollen of lily (Lilium longiflorum) gave a comprehensive overview of metabolic pathways active during pollen germination and tube growth. More than 100 different metabolites were determined simultaneously by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and expressed genes of selected metabolic pathways were identified by next-generation sequencing of lily pollen transcripts. The time-dependent changes in metabolite abundances, as well as the changes after inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, revealed a fast and dynamic adaption of the metabolic pathways in the range of minutes. The metabolic state prior to pollen germination differed clearly from the metabolic state during pollen tube growth, as indicated by principal component analysis of all detected metabolites and by detailed observation of individual metabolites. For instance, the amount of sucrose increased during the first 60 minutes of pollen culture but decreased during tube growth, while glucose and fructose showed the opposite behavior. Glycolysis, tricarbonic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, starch, and fatty acid degradation were activated, providing energy during pollen germination and tube growth. Inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain by antimycin A resulted in an immediate production of ethanol and a fast rearrangement of metabolic pathways, which correlated with changes in the amounts of the majority of identified metabolites, e.g. a rapid increase in g-aminobutyric acid indicated the activation of a g-aminobutyric acid shunt in the tricarbonic acid cycle, while ethanol fermentation compensated the reduced ATP production after inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation.

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“…The time window for successful fertilization is relatively short. Lily pollen tubes elongate at a moderate but still amazing rate of about 2 mm/h [23][24][25]. Since cellular growth is restricted to the tip of the pollen tube, the cell wall in this zone must be deform, whereas in more distal parts (the shank) the main function of the wall is to resist turgor pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying growth mechanics of living, growing plant cells in situ using microrobotics

et al. 2011

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The turgor pressure of growing lily pollen tubes

Cited by 157 publications

References 41 publications

Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in Oscillating Pollen Tubes

Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in Oscillating Pollen Tubes

Dynamic Adaption of Metabolic Pathways during Germination and Growth of Lily Pollen Tubes after Inhibition of the Electron Transport Chain

Quantifying growth mechanics of living, growing plant cells in situ using microrobotics

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