The two-visual-systems hypothesis and the perspectival features of visual experience

Foley, Robert; Whitwell, Robert L.; Goodale, Melvyn A.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.03.005

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Instead, the ventral stream interfaces with structures in the temporal and frontal lobes that have been implicated in memory, emotion, and social behaviour, including the amygdala and other mesial temporal structures (Iwai and Yukie 1987; Baizer et al 1993). The Two Visual Systems model developed by Milner and Goodale (1995, 2006; Goodale and Milner 1992; Jeannerod and Rossetti 1993) builds upon Creutzfeldt’s insight, conceiving “the functional role of the two streams as largely defined in terms of their outputs to other regions of the brain, what we might call the ‘consumers’ of those outputs, and the tasks those consumers serve” (Foley et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do the two visual streams interact with each other?

2017

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The current consensus divides primate cortical visual processing into two broad networks or “streams” composed of highly interconnected areas (Milner and Goodale 2006, 2008; Goodale 2014). The ventral stream, passing from primary visual cortex (V1) through to inferior parts of the temporal lobe, is considered to mediate the transformation of the contents of the visual signal into the mental furniture that guides memory, recognition and conscious perception. In contrast the dorsal stream, passing from V1 through to various areas in the posterior parietal lobe, is generally considered to mediate the visual guidance of action, primarily in real time. The brain, however, does not work through mutually insulated subsystems, and indeed there are well-documented interconnections between the two streams. Evidence for contributions from ventral stream systems to the dorsal stream comes from human neuropsychological and neuroimaging research, and indicates a crucial role in mediating complex and flexible visuomotor skills. Complementary evidence points to a role for posterior dorsal-stream visual analysis in certain aspects of 3-D perceptual function in the ventral stream. A series of studies of a patient with visual form agnosia has been instrumental in shaping our knowledge of what each stream can achieve in isolation; but it has also helped us to tease apart the relative dependence of parietal visuomotor systems on direct bottom-up visual inputs versus inputs redirected via perceptual systems within the ventral stream.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do the two visual streams interact with each other?

2017

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“…Consequently, egocentric representations are thought to be essential to the self-specifying nature of spatial perception, presenting the world in relation to oneself (Bermúdez, 1998(Bermúdez, , 2002Cassam, 1997;Evans, 1982). Moreover, recent research on self-consciousness is dominated by the idea that the experienced first-person perspective should be identified with the point of origin of an egocentric frame of reference (Blanke & Metzinger, 2009;Foley, Whitwell, & Goodale, 2015;Vogeley & Fink, 2003). This, however, raises a difficulty: human bodies are not points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensory systems are known to process information in frames of reference anchored to specific body-parts (e.g., Graziano, Yap, & Gross, 1994), as well as hybrid frames involving combinations of these (e.g., Carrozzo & Lacquaniti, 1994), and idiosyncratic frames for transformation between body-part anchored frames (e.g., Chang & Snyder, 2010;Gazzaniga, Ledoux, & Wilson, 1977). Though frames of reference of this kind are often called 'egocentric', some are keen to distinguish this range of body-part anchored coding from the 'egocentric' structure of perceptual experience (Brewer & Pears, 1993;Foley et al, 2015;Levinson, 1996). Indeed, first-person reflection suggests that perceptual experience is unified according to a single perspective (Bayne, 2010;Bermúdez, 1998;Husserl, 1952).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating contributions of head and torso to spatial reference frames: The misalignment paradigm

Alsmith

Ferrè

Longo

2017

Consciousness and Cognition

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Word count: 5724 words (excluding references and title page)The Misalignment Paradigm 2 AbstractWhen we represent someone's view of a scene as egocentrically structured, where do we represent the origin of the reference frame? By analysing responses in a spatial perspectivetaking task as a function of spatial location with respect to both head and torso, we isolated the respective contribution of each part to spatial judgments. Both the head and the torso contributed to judgements, though with greater contributions from the torso. A second experiment manipulating visual contrast of the torso showed that this does not reflect lowlevel differences in visual salience between body parts. Our results demonstrate that spatial perspective-taking relies on a weighted combination of reference frames centred on different parts of the body.The Misalignment Paradigm 3

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“…This eclectic coding strategy provides only ambiguous information about individual structures, but explicit information about the environmental reference frame and the orientation of gravity in egocentric coordinates. In the ventral pathway, this could support perceiving and/or predicting physical events involving objects subject to gravity, recognizing object attributes like animacy based on movement not caused by gravity, and/or stabilizing perception of the world against changes in head orientation [3, 4, 5]. Our results, like the recent discovery of object weight representation [6], imply the ventral pathway is involved not just in recognition but also in physical understanding of objects and scenes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Representation of Gravity-Aligned Scene Structure in Ventral Pathway Visual Cortex

Vaziri

Connor

2016

Current Biology

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Summary The ventral visual pathway in humans and non-human primates is known to represent object information, including shape and identity [1]. Here, we show the ventral pathway also represents scene structure aligned with the gravitational reference frame in which objects move and interact. We analyzed shape tuning of recently described macaque monkey ventral pathway neurons that prefer scene-like stimuli to objects [2]. Individual neurons did not respond to a single shape class but to a variety of scene elements that are typically aligned with gravity: large planes in the orientation range of ground surfaces under natural viewing conditions, planes in the orientation range of ceilings, extended convex and concave edges in the orientation range of wall/floor/ceiling junctions. For a given neuron, these elements tended to share a common alignment in eye-centered coordinates. Thus, each neuron integrated information about multiple gravity-aligned structures as they would be seen from a specific eye/head orientation. This eclectic coding strategy provides only ambiguous information about individual structures, but explicit information about the environmental reference frame and the orientation of gravity in egocentric coordinates. In the ventral pathway, this could support perceiving and/or predicting physical events involving objects subject to gravity, recognizing object attributes like animacy based on movement not caused by gravity, and/or stabilizing perception of the world against changes in head orientation [3, 4, 5]. Our results, like the recent discovery of object weight representation [6], imply the ventral pathway is involved not just in recognition but also in physical understanding of objects and scenes.

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The two-visual-systems hypothesis and the perspectival features of visual experience

Cited by 50 publications

References 37 publications

How do the two visual streams interact with each other?

How do the two visual streams interact with each other?

Dissociating contributions of head and torso to spatial reference frames: The misalignment paradigm

Representation of Gravity-Aligned Scene Structure in Ventral Pathway Visual Cortex

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