The type and mysorensis forms of the Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in India exhibit identical ribosomal DNA ITS2 and domain-3 sequences

Alam, Mohammad Tauqeer; Bora, Hema; Das, Manoj; Sharma, Yagya D.

doi:10.1007/s00436-008-0930-7

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…But then again, the inconsistent range of ridge numbers, identical nucleotide sequences of ITS2 and D3 loci in type and mysorensis, and the identity of COII sequences between Indian type form and Iranian mysorensis suggest these markers are not suitable for the identi cation of biological forms of An. stepehnsi [24,28,29,30,31]. Our analysis also supports these results since we were unable to recognize (the biological form) our lab strain using COI, COII and ITS2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The COI and COII, ITS2 and D3 based analysis from Iran and India have revealed extensive gene ow among these variants [30,31] whereas other genetic studies (using microsatellite markers) have demonstrated a signi cant genetic differentiation and non-signi cant gene ow among them with type and intermediate being more closely related genetically [32]. These biotypes with taxonomic identities and differential vector competencies may contribute to the current epidemiological situations [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of ‘var. mysorensis’ form of Anopheles Stephensi

Khan¹,

Gholizadeh²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Anopheles stephensi Listen (1901) is the major malaria vector in the Asia, and recently in some regions of Africa. This species includes three biological forms, namely “type”, “intermediate” and “mysorensis” with varying degree of vector competence for malaria parasites. To recognize these siblings of An. stephensi lab strain, we used the morphological features of eggs and several genetic markers i.e. Obp1 (odorant binding protein), mitochondrial oxidases subunit 1 and 2 (COI and COII), nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 locus (ITS2). Methods: Eggs were collected from individual mosquito (n = 50) and observed for the number of ridges under stereomicroscope. DNA was extracted from female mosquitoes. After amplifying fragments by using different genetic markers (Obp1, COI, COII and ITS2), the PCR products were purified and sequenced using Sanger Sequence Technology. Phylogenetic analysis was performed after aligning query sequences against the submitted sequences in GenBank using bioinformatics software. Results: The range of ridges number on each egg float was 12-13 that corresponds to the mysorensis form. Sequence analysis for COI, COII and ITS2 demonstrated 100%, 99.46% and 99.29% similarity of our species with other Chinese, Indian and Iranian strains of An. stephensi. All the sequences of Obp1 intron I region matched 100% with the previously submitted sequences for An. stephensi sibling C (mysorensis form) from Iran and Afghanistan.Conclusion: The current study elaborately describes the morphological and molecular details (sequence data) of the ‘mysorensis’ form of An. stephensi that could be helpful in elucidating its classification and also in its diﬀerentiation from other biotypes of the same and other similar anophelines species. Our findings confirmed OBP1 as the only genetic marker that successfully recognized our lab strain (mysorensis form/ sibling C). Thus using OBP1 (alone) may be very phenomenal in similar studies in the future. Future studies should involve the development of appropriate and reliable molecular keys (for sibling species identification) complementary to morphological keys.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of ‘var. mysorensis’ form of Anopheles Stephensi

Khan¹,

Gholizadeh²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…stephensi still under genetic dissociation within its different biological forms including, type, Intermediate and mysorensis, and is considered as a suspected cryptic species complex. ITS2 and D3 loci showed identical nucleotide sequences in type and mysorensis biological forms suggested that these molecular markers are not suitable for the identification of biological forms [ 35 ]. On the other hand, Anopheles persiensis was characterized and named principally as a new record to the world and Iranian Anopheles fauna based on DNA evidence for the first time [ 36 ] without any crossing experiment between An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speculation on the possibility for introducing Anopheles stephensi as a species complex: preliminary evidence based on odorant binding protein 1 intron I sequence

Firooziyan

Djadid

Gholizadeh

2018

Malar J

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BackgroundAnopheles stephensi is considered an important malaria vector in Iran, Asia, and recently in the Horn of Africa. Recently, Ansteobp1 intron I sequence has been introduced a new molecular marker for identification of its biological forms including, mysorensis, intermediate and type, using insectary colony specimens.MethodsIn the current study, new marker ability in molecular identification of biological forms has been evaluated with An. stephensi specimens collected from Iran and Afghanistan malarious provinces. Following DNA extraction and PCR amplification, sequence analysis and constructed phylogenetic tree revealed that type and intermediate forms are distributed in Iran.ResultsThe specimens collected from Afghanistan identified as intermediate and mysorensis forms. Therefore, intermediate form is sympatric species in both countries. Based on the results of Ansteobp1 intron I sequences, An. stephensi could be suggested as new Anopheles complex species including An. stephensi sibling A (type form), An. stephensi sibling B (intermediate form) and An. stephensi sibling C (mysorensis form). This is the first report on the presence of An. stephensi biological forms in Afghanistan.ConclusionsIran is going to eliminate malaria transmission from the country, precise species identification, especially in complex species will be helpful in the prevention of malaria resurgence in the country, mainly because of common fauna of Anopheles species and through border malaria and population movement within Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.

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“…Recently Alam et al (2008) have demonstrated that the ‘ type ’ and variety ‘ mysorensis ’ forms of An. stephensi exhibited identical nucleotide sequences at ITS‐2 and D3 loci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation between three ecological variants (‘type’, ‘mysorensis’ and ‘intermediate’) of malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

2010

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Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of urban malaria in South Asia. Three ecological variants (‘type’, ‘mysorensis’and‘intermediate’) of An. stephensi have been reported on the basis of ecology and egg morphology. However, it is unclear if there is any genetic isolation between the three variants. We analyzed the three variants of An. stephensi using eight microsatellite loci and found that large and significant genetic differentiation exists between them (mean FST= 0.393 and mean RST= 0.422). Pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation between the variants were ‘type’ versus ‘mysorensis’ (mean FST= 0.411 and mean RST= 0.308), ‘type’ versus ‘intermediate’ (mean FST= 0.388 and mean RST= 0.518) and ‘intermediate’ versus ‘mysorensis’ (mean FST= 0.387 and mean RST= 0.398) and all were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The greater sensitivity of RST in differentiation indicated that mutations and not genetic drift had generated the differences between three variants of An. stephensi. The present study indicated large genetic differentiation and presence of non‐significant low level of gene flow between the three variants (‘type’, ‘mysorensis’and‘intermediate’) of An. stephensi.

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The type and mysorensis forms of the Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in India exhibit identical ribosomal DNA ITS2 and domain-3 sequences

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of ‘var. mysorensis’ form of Anopheles Stephensi

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of ‘var. mysorensis’ form of Anopheles Stephensi

Speculation on the possibility for introducing Anopheles stephensi as a species complex: preliminary evidence based on odorant binding protein 1 intron I sequence

Genetic differentiation between three ecological variants (‘type’, ‘mysorensis’ and ‘intermediate’) of malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

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