The type-VI secretion system of the beneficial symbiont Vibrio fischeri

Guckes, Kirsten R.; Miyashiro, Tim

doi:10.1099/mic.0.001302

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In this respect, all of the salmon strains possess a T6SS system, except the S2MY1 group, and also possess multiple associated effectors (i.e., hcp, vgrG) [72,73]. Strains A9 and A21 possess both hcp and S-type pyocin-like [74] homologs on a contig that is likely a large plasmid. T6SS is prevalent amongst most other Aliivibrio species.…”

Section: Genome Annotation Data Provides Indications Of Colonisation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active colonisers of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon farmed in a warm water region

Hall,

Reid,

Tan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in seawater in Tasmania (lutruwita) can experience temper-atures close to their thermotolerance limit during summer and Vibrionaceae are a major component of their gut microbiome. This study focuses on understanding the microbiome of the Atlantic salmon gastrointestinal tract via the taxonomy, population dynamics, and traits of the main colonists. Results. Multiyear survey and co-occurrence network analyses confirmed novel members of Aliivibrio reliably colonise the gut microbiome in Atlantic salmon farmed in marine pens in Tasmania when the confounding influences of DNA and bacteria from feed and water was considered. Aliivibrio and Mycoplasma were the main taxa found to colonise the gut mucosal layers. Warm water temperature(19°C) experiments performed in seawater tanks indicated Aliivibrio and Vibrio rapidly become predominant in the digesta of Atlantic salmon that had reduced feeding and high faecal cast production while Mycoplasma were found to be mostly absent. Salmon-associated Aliivibrio isolates were found to share many genes required for host colonisation with that of the faunal mutualist Aliivibrio fischeri. Though most salmon digesta isolates seem to lack obvious virulence factors, strains of two abundant novel colonising Aliivibriostrain groups possessed the genes for cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Conclusions. Multiyear surveys confirm Atlantic salmon farmed in the relatively warm conditions of Tasmania are persistently colonised by the same, largely novel, Aliivibrio species and a restricted range of other Vibrionaceae. Some of these species were found to be particularly adept at colonising salmon in warm water conditions. Though some Aliivibrio coloniser strains possessed CDT-genes it is yet unknown whether CDT-gene-positive Aliivibrio negatively impact Atlantic salmon . Since the strains studies possess a range of different colonization enabling mechanisms, interactions between Vibrionaceae in the gut of Atlantic salmon could be important for overall fish health, especially when they are exposed to stressful conditions, such as elevated sea surface temperatures.

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Section: Genome Annotation Data Provides Indications Of Colonisation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active colonisers of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon farmed in a warm water region

Hall,

Reid,

Tan

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…By using fluorescence microscopy to localize each competitor within the crypt spaces, these data also revealed that T6SS-mediated killing is also capable of spatially structuring a host-associated microbiome through interference competition. Originally described in the pathogen V. cholerae ( 164 ), studies exploring the T6SS in V. fischeri add to our knowledge of how this weapon is used in the context of a beneficial bacterial-animal association ( 165 , 166 ).…”

Section: Select V Fischeri Traits Of Interest Beyo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lighting the way: how the Vibrio fischeri model microbe reveals the complexity of Earth’s “simplest” life forms

Septer,

Visick

2024

J Bacteriol

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Vibrio ( Aliivibrio ) fischeri ’s initial rise to fame derived from its alluring production of blue-green light. Subsequent studies to probe the mechanisms underlying this bioluminescence helped the field discover the phenomenon now known as quorum sensing. Orthologs of quorum-sensing regulators (i.e., LuxR and LuxI) originally identified in V. fischeri were subsequently uncovered in a plethora of bacterial species, and analogous pathways were found in yet others. Over the past three decades, the study of this microbe has greatly expanded to probe the unique role of V. fischeri as the exclusive symbiont of the light organ of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes . Buoyed by this optically amenable host and by persistent and insightful researchers who have applied novel and cross-disciplinary approaches, V. fischeri has developed into a robust model for microbe-host associations. It has contributed to our understanding of how bacteria experience and respond to specific, often fluxing environmental conditions and the mechanisms by which bacteria impact the development of their host. It has also deepened our understanding of numerous microbial processes such as motility and chemotaxis, biofilm formation and dispersal, and bacterial competition, and of the relevance of specific bacterial genes in the context of colonizing an animal host. Parallels in these processes between this symbiont and bacteria studied as pathogens are readily apparent, demonstrating functional conservation across diverse associations and permitting a reinterpretation of “pathogenesis.” Collectively, these advances built a foundation for microbiome studies and have positioned V. fischeri to continue to expand the frontiers of our understanding of the microbial world inside animals.

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“…Of the T4SS, they possessed various numbers of the vir genes. The most interesting, however, was the pattern for the T6SS, a system known from various bacteria, including symbionts (Guckes and Miyashiro 2023, Suria et al 2022, Takeshita and Kikuchi 2020), which is often subject to HGT. This system was absent in the environmental OTU 5 bacteria, but present in both louse symbionts where it was obtained secondarily by HGT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fur microbiome as a putative source of symbiotic bacteria in sucking lice

Říhová,

Gupta,

Nováková

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Symbiosis between insects and bacteria has been established countless times. While it is well known that the symbionts originated from a variety of different bacterial taxa, it is usually difficult to determine their environmental source and a route of their acquisition by the host. In this study, we address this question using a model of Neisseriaceae symbionts in rodent lice. These bacteria established their symbiosis independently with different louse taxa (Polyplax,Hoplopleura,Neohaematopinus), most likely from the same environmental source. We first applied amplicon analysis to screen for candidate source bacterium in the louse environment, that is, three species of rodents (Microtus arvalis,Clethrionomys glareolus, andApodemus flavicollis). The screened samples included rodent fur, skin, spleen, and ectoparasites sampled from the rodents. The amplicon analysis revealed a Neisseriaceae bacterium, closely related to the known louse symbionts. We assembled genome drafts of this environmental bacterium from all three rodent hosts. The sizes of the three drafts converged to a remarkably small size of approximately 1.4 Mbp, which is even smaller than the genomes of the related symbionts. Based on these findings, we propose a hypothetical scenario of the genome evolution during the transition of a free-living bacterium to the member of the rodent fur-associated microbiome and subsequently to the facultative and obligate louse symbionts.

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The type-VI secretion system of the beneficial symbiont Vibrio fischeri

Cited by 7 publications

References 125 publications

Active colonisers of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon farmed in a warm water region

Active colonisers of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon farmed in a warm water region

Lighting the way: how the Vibrio fischeri model microbe reveals the complexity of Earth’s “simplest” life forms

Fur microbiome as a putative source of symbiotic bacteria in sucking lice

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