Uranium is a risk-driving radionuclide in both radioactive
waste disposal and contaminated land scenarios. In these environments,
a range of biogeochemical processes can occur, including sulfate reduction,
which can induce sulfidation of iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phases.
During sulfidation, labile U(VI) is known to reduce to relatively
immobile U(IV); however, the detailed mechanisms of the changes in
U speciation during these biogeochemical reactions are poorly constrained.
Here, we performed highly controlled sulfidation experiments at pH
7 and pH 9.5 on U(VI) adsorbed to ferrihydrite and investigated the
system using geochemical analyses, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS),
and computational modeling. Analysis of the XAS data indicated the
formation of a novel, transient U(VI)–persulfide complex as
an intermediate species during the sulfidation reaction, concomitant
with the transient release of uranium to the solution. Extended X-ray
absorption fine structure (EXAFS) modeling showed that a persulfide
ligand was coordinated in the equatorial plane of the uranyl moiety,
and formation of this species was supported by computational modeling.
The final speciation of U was nanoparticulate U(IV) uraninite, and
this phase was evident at 2 days at pH 7 and 1 year at pH 9.5. Our
identification of a new, labile U(VI)-persulfide species under environmentally
relevant conditions may have implications for U mobility in sulfidic
environments pertinent to radioactive waste disposal and contaminated
land scenarios.