The ultrastructure of cartilage cells in the epiphyses of long bones in the domestic fowl

Lutfi, A.M.

doi:10.1159/000144152

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…3). Moreover, the epiphyseal chondrocytes, round in morphology and distinguishable from underlying growth plate chondrocytes, are in the process of forming the articular cap (ac) which contains articular chondrocytes and a layer of fibrocartilage facing the synovial cavity (Lutfi, 1974;Howlett, 1979). Interestingly, the interzone mesenchymal cells were now rich in both syndecan-3 and tenascin-C transcripts, particularly those in close apposition with the cartilaginous elements (Fig.…”

Section: Syndecan-3 and Tenascin-c Gene Expression During Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chondrocytes located in the diaphyseal region of each element then undergo maturation and hypertrophy; this maturation process spreads toward the epiphyseal ends and culminates with the replacement of hypertrophic chondrocytes with bone cells and tissue during the second part of embryogenesis and early postnatal life. The chondro-cytes located at each epiphyseal extremity, however, do not undergo maturation and give rise to permanent articular chondrocytes (Lutfi, 1974;Howlett, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syndecan‐3, tenascin‐C, and the development of cartilaginous skeletal elements and joints in chick limbs

Koyama

Leatherman

Shimazu

et al. 1995

Developmental Dynamics

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The mechanisms by which the early limb cell Condensations and interzone mesenchyme give rise to skeletal elements and joints are poorly understood. Previous work from this laboratory has shown that the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is associated with articular cartilage and joint tissue development; others have shown that tenascin-C may exert its biological activities via interactions with cell surface receptors, such as syndecans. To further analyze the roles of tenascin-C and its putative receptors in skeletal development, we carried out a detailed in situ hybridization analysis of tenascin-C and syndecan-3 gene expression during development of chick limb skeletal elements and joints. We found that as the early mesenchymal condensations chondrify around day 5 (E5) of development, they become surrounded by a thick syndecan-3 rich perichondrium while tenascin-C transcripts are much fewer and restricted to diaphyseal perichondrium and developing interzones. Similar patterns were observed as distal carpal and digit condensations formed in older embryos. As the cartilaginous long bone models elongated proximo-distally and joint formation proceeded with age, we observed that syndecan-3 transcripts decrease significantly along the diaphysis and remain very abundant along the metaphysis and in the epiphyseal articular cap and interzone. Conversely, tenascin-C RNAs remain abundant along the diaphysis and begin to increase at the epiphysis and in interzone-derived tissues, such as menisci and joint capsule. By E10, the skeletal elements have well-defined morphologies, endochondral ossification has initiated in their diaphysis, and diaphyseal perichondrium has become periosteum. These developmental changes were accompanied by equally marked changes in gene expression; these included a marked increase in tenascin-C gene expression in articular cap, fragmentation of tenascin-C gene expression along the periosteum, reinitiation of syndecan-3 gene expression in periosteum, and differential gene expression in osteoprogenitor cells. The sheer complexity of the gene expression patterns documented in this study attests to the complexity of processes that bring about normal skelatogenesis. Clearly,tenascin-C and syndecan-3 appear to be closely associated with several of these processes, particularly in establishing tissue boundaries (perichondrium and periosteum) between condensations and surrounding mesenchymal cells, in regulating perichondral cell differentiation and incorporation into the growing skeletal elements, and in the genesis of epiphyseal chondrocytes and associated joint tissues. o 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Syndecan-3 and Tenascin-c Gene Expression During Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndecan‐3, tenascin‐C, and the development of cartilaginous skeletal elements and joints in chick limbs

Koyama

Leatherman

Shimazu

et al. 1995

Developmental Dynamics

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“…The morphological criteria used to distinguish the different areas of developing long bones have been described previously (12, 21,27,36,43,44). The full length cDNA clone pCTN-230 encoding chick tenascin-C (45) was used to prepare a 749-bp subclone from the 5' end of pCTN-230 to the first Bgl I1 site, and a 869-bp Nco IIAva I subclone from nucleotides 1665-2534 of pCTN-230 in Bluescript SK+ (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histological sections of 10-day-old embryos (approximately stage 36) showed that limb skeletal elements such as those in the phalangeal region contained well formed growth plates and articular caps, which consist of a layer of fibrocartilage facing the synovial cavity and a layer of articular chondrocytes facing the underlying growth plate (21,27,36) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Fig 2 Phase (A) and Dark-field (B-d) Micrographs Showing Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of syndecan‐3 and tenascin‐C: Possible involvement in periosteum development

Koyama

Shimazu

Leatherman

et al. 1996

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The development of cartilaginous elements of long bone during embryogenesis and postnatal bone repair processes is a complex process that involves skeletal cells and surrounding mesenchymal periosteal cells. Relatively little is known of the mechanisms underlying these processes. Previous studies from this and other laboratories have suggested that the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is involved in skeletogenesis. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, we extended those studies by comparing the expression of tenascin-C with that of syndecan-3, which belongs to a family of cell surface receptors with which tenascins are known to interact. We found that syndecan-3 transcripts at first were very abundant in the presumptive periosteum surrounding the diaphysis of early chondrocytic skeletal elements in chick limb. As the elements developed further, syndecan-3 gene expression decreased in the diaphyseal periosteum, whereas it became stronger around the early epiphysis and within the forming articular cells. However, as the diaphyseal periosteum initiated osteogenesis and gave rise to the intramembranous bone collar, syndecan-3 gene expression increased again. At early stages of skeletogenesis: the tenascin-C gene exhibited patterns of expression that were similar to and temporally followed, those of the syndecan-3 gene. At later stages, however, tenascin-C gene expression was markedly reduced during intramembranous osteogenesis around the diaphysis. In addition, although syndecan-3 gene expression was low in osteoblasts and osteocytes located deep into trabecular bone, tenascin-C gene expression remained strong. Thus, tenascin-C and syndecan-3 display distinct temporal and spatial patterns of expression in periosteum and during the development of long bone. Given their multidomain structure and specific patterns of expression, these macromolecules may regulate site-specific skeletal processes, including interactions between developing periosteum and chondrocytes and delineation of the early cartilaginous skeletal elements.

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“…Previous studies involving avian physeal cartilage have utilized conventional chemical methods of fixation (Fell, 1925;Wolbach & Hegsted, 1952;Lutfi, 1971Lutfi, , 1974Wise & Jennings, 1973;Riddell, 1975;Howlett, 1979Howlett, , 1980SorreU & Weiss, 1980;Hargest et al, 1985b;Haynes et al, 1985;Lawler et al, 1985). The cationic *Present Address: C. S. Roberts Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Ruthenium hexammine trichloride method to other methods of chemical fixation for preservation of avian physeal cartilage

1991

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Several methods of chemical fixation of avian physeal cartilage were compared. The Ruthenium hexammine trichloride method was compared to isotonic glutaraldehyde and neutral buffered formalin for light microscopy and paraffin embedment, and to two osmium-ferrocyanide methods and a combination of 1% glutaraldehyde and 4% formaldehyde for electron microscopy. Only the Ruthenium hexammine trichloride method prevented the loss of matrix proteoglycans and shrinkage of chondrocytes. In undecalcified paraffin-embedded cartilage, preservation of matrix and cellular detail was excellent, but Ruthenium hexammine trichloride interfered with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Glutaraldehyde gave more intense eosinophilia than neutral buffered formalin. Ultrastructurally, the Ruthenium hexammine trichloride method was the most consistent and gave the best overall fixation. Matrix elements and cellular and nuclear membranes were well preserved. It did result in vacuolation of the cytoplasm and mitochondria, and it increased granularity of the cytoplasm, chromatin, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Other fixatives produced minimal vacuolation and finer granularity, but preservation was less consistent, cell/matrix contrast was often excessive, and they caused shrinkage of all chondrocytes. Large dilatations of the rough endoplasmic reticulum that appear to be cytoplasmic inclusions by light microscopy are described for the first time in avian cartilage.

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The ultrastructure of cartilage cells in the epiphyses of long bones in the domestic fowl

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Syndecan‐3, tenascin‐C, and the development of cartilaginous skeletal elements and joints in chick limbs

Syndecan‐3, tenascin‐C, and the development of cartilaginous skeletal elements and joints in chick limbs

Expression of syndecan‐3 and tenascin‐C: Possible involvement in periosteum development

Comparison of the Ruthenium hexammine trichloride method to other methods of chemical fixation for preservation of avian physeal cartilage

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