The Ultrastructure of Chloroplasts, Content of Photosynthetic Pigments, and Photochemical Activity of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Different Concentrations of the Herbicide Amitrole

Pechová, R.; Kutík, J.; Holá, D.; Kočová, M.; Haisel, D.; Vičánková, A.

doi:10.1023/a:1025841313902

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In previous studies, chloroplast pockets were observed under various conditions: moderate growth conditions (Brown et al, ;Busch et al, ; Sage & Sage, ), senescence (Wittenbach, Lin, & Hebert, ), biotic (Shalla, ), and abiotic stresses such as low light (Montes & Bradbeer, ) and chemical treatments with amitrole (Pechová et al, ) and putrecine (Paramonova, Shevyakova, & Kuznetsov, ). Our results indicated that salinity is one of the inducers of the formation of chloroplast pocket.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Yamane

Enomoto

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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We investigated the invagination structure of a chloroplast that surrounds organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes within a thin layer of chloroplast stroma, which is called a chloroplast pocket. In this study, chloroplast pockets were observed in rice plants subjected to salinity stress but not under moderate growth condition. They included cytosol, transparent structure, lipid bodies, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. We constructed the three-dimensional architecture of chloroplast pockets by using serial images obtained by transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy. Three types of chloroplast pockets were observed by transmission electron microscopy: Organelles were completely enclosed in a chloroplast pocket (enclosed type), a chloroplast pocket with a small gap in the middle part (gap type), and a chloroplast pocket with one side open (open type). Of the 70 pockets observed by serial imaging, 35 were enclosed type, and 21 and 14 were gap and open types, respectively. Mitochondria and peroxisomes were often in contact with the chloroplast pockets. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy revealed chloroplasts with a sheet structure partially surrounding peroxisomes. This fact suggests that chloroplasts might construct large sheet structures that would be related to the formation of chloroplast pockets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Yamane

Enomoto

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…It is also evident that in some plants, stress caused by high salinity (Paramonova, Shevyakova & Kuznetsov 2004), high temperature (Holzinger et al. 2007a) or application of herbicides (Pechová et al. 2003) can affect chloroplast structure and lead to swelling of the chloroplast envelope and formation of CPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants

Buchner

Holzinger

2007

Plant Cell & Environment

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Chloroplasts of many alpine plants have the ability to form marked, stroma-filled protrusions that do not contain thylakoids. Effects of temperature and light intensity on the frequency of chloroplasts with such protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of nine different alpine plant species (Carex curvula All., Leontodon helveticus Merat., Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill., Poa alpina L. ssp. vivipara, Polygonum viviparum L., Ranunculus glacialis L., Ranunculus alpestris L., Silene acaulis L. and Soldanella pusilla Baumg.) covering seven different families were studied. Leaves were exposed to either darkness and a stepwise increase in temperature (10-38°C) or to different light intensities (500 and 2000 mmol photons m -2 s -1) and a constant temperature of 10 or 30°C in a special temperature-regulated chamber. A chloroplast protrusions index characterising the relative proportion of chloroplasts with protrusions was defined. Seven of the nine species showed a significant increase in chloroplast protrusions when temperature was elevated to over 20°C. In contrast, the light level did not generally affect the abundance of chloroplasts with protrusions. Chloroplast protrusions lead to a dynamic enlargement of the chloroplast surface area. They do not appear to be directly connected to a distinct photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) status and thus seem to be involved in secondary, not primary, photosynthetic processes.Key-words: Oxyria digyna; Ranunculus glacialis; Soldanella pusilla; Fv/Fm; membrane; PSII efficiency; stroma; stromule; thylakoid.Abbreviations: CP, chloroplast protrusion; CPi, chloroplast protrusions index; Fv/Fm, ratio of variable/maximum fluorescence; GFP, green fluorescent protein; LM-TCC, light microscope-temperature-controlled chamber; nCP, number of chloroplasts with protrusions; PID controller, proportional-integral-derivative controller; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; PN, net photosynthetic rate; PSII, photosystem II; q, shape index; qM, mean shape index.

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“…Chloroplast protrusions have been suggested to be one of many adaptive mechanisms to climate conditions. Protrusions have been observed in several alpine plant species (Lütz and Engel ) and as a reaction to salt stress (Yamane et al ) at high and low temperatures (Stefanowska et al , Buchner and Holzinger ) and to herbicides (Pechová et al ). Pihakaski and Junnila () showed seasonal changes in leaf anatomy and cell ultrastructure in Diapensia lapponica from northern Finland (70°N).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and antioxidant responses of two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana in different light and temperature conditions

Szymańska

Nowicka

Gabruk

et al. 2014

Physiologia Plantarum

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During their lifetime, plants need to adapt to a changing environment, including light and temperature. To understand how these factors influence plant growth, we investigated the physiological and antioxidant responses of two Arabidopsis accessions, Shahdara (Sha) from the Shahdara valley (Tajikistan, Central Asia) in a mountainous area and Lovvik-5 (Lov-5) from northern Sweden to different light and temperature conditions. These accessions originate from different latitudes and have different life strategies, both of which are known to be influenced by light and temperature. We showed that both accessions grew better in high-light and at a lower temperature (16°C) than in low light and at 23°C. Interestingly, Sha had a lower chlorophyll content but more efficient non-photochemical quenching than Lov-5. Sha, also showed a higher expression of vitamin E biosynthetic genes. We did not observe any difference in the antioxidant prenyllipid level under these conditions. Our results suggest that the mechanisms that keep the plastoquinone (PQ)-pool in more oxidized state could play a role in the adaptation of these accessions to their local climatic conditions.

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The Ultrastructure of Chloroplasts, Content of Photosynthetic Pigments, and Photochemical Activity of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Different Concentrations of the Herbicide Amitrole

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants

Physiological and antioxidant responses of two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana in different light and temperature conditions

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