The ultrastructure of the cuticle of Nematoda. II. The cephalic cuticle of Stilbonematinae (Adenophorea, Desmodoridae)

Urbancik, W.; Novotny, Veronica; Ott, J&#x000F6;rg A.

doi:10.1007/s004350050009

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The bacteria serve as a food source to their host (Schiemer, Novak & Ott, ; Ott et al ., ; Ott, ; Ott, Bright & Bulgheresi, 2004a, b) and probably act as a shield against sulphide poisoning (Hentschel et al ., ). The monophyly of stilbonematins has been stated based on the ultrastructure of the body cuticle (Urbancik, Bauer‐Nebelsick & Ott, 1996a; Urbancik, Novotny & Ott, 1996b), pharynx (Hoschitz, Bright & Ott, ), and glandular sensory organs (Bauer‐Nebelsick et al ., ). Data from DNA sequences also support Stilbonematinae as a clade (van Megen et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae): description of two new and three known species and phylogenetic relationships within the family

2014

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A taxonomic study of the subfamily Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) based on collected specimens from a coral reef in the Caribbean Sea revealed two new species, Laxus parvum sp. nov. and Leptonemella brevipharynx sp. nov. L. parvum is characterized by the small body size (2738 μm), large cephalated spicules (63 μm), wide gubernaculum, and coccoid-shaped ectosymbiotic bacteria. The diagnosis of the genus Laxus is emended and a dichotomous identification key is given for the seven valid species. L. brevipharynx is characterized by the shape of the amphidial fovea, 'open' spiral with 1.25 turns, a short pharynx, hook-shaped gubernaculum, and male tail relatively short. Three known sympatric species, Eubostrichus hopperi, Robbea porosum, and Stilbonema brevicolle, were re-described and illustrated based on morphometric features and morphology from light microscope and scanning electronic microscope observations. For each species, relationships are discussed as well as the diagnostic value of morphological features. Phylogenetic relationships amongst desmodorid species were explored based on small subunit rDNA and cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 partial loci. The three subfamilies within Desmodoridae (Desmodorinae, Spiriniinae, and Stilbonematinae) are polyphyletic; four of the genera of Stilbonematinae proved to be paraphyletic. Convergent evolution would reconcile the presence of glandular sensory organs and ectosymbiosis with the paraphyly of stilbonematins. The cryptic diversity of R. porosum could be explained by morphological stasis owing to obligate ectosymbiosis with bacteria. The current classification of nine genera is still the most tractable system for Stilbonematinae in spite of the evidence of its paraphyletic nature based on molecular data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae): description of two new and three known species and phylogenetic relationships within the family

2014

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“…The annuli extend far anterior and enclose the posterior half of the amphid. The cuticle of the anterior end (cephalic cuticle) shows no reinforcement (Urbancik et al, 1996b). The arrangement of the cephalic sensilla follows a consistent pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Eubostrichus fertilis sp. n., a new marine nematode (Desmodoridae: Stilbonematinae) with an extraordinary reproductive potential from Belize, Central America

Ott

Leisch

Gruber‐Vodicka

2014

Nematol

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Eubostrichus fertilis sp. n. is described from fine subtidal sands in the Belize Barrier Reef system using LM and SEM illustrations and the sequence of the 18S rRNA gene. The new species is one of the smallest (mature specimens ranging from 1.88 to 3.03 mm) and the stoutest (a = 36-80) of all previously described Eubostrichus species. The closest relatives are E. parasitiferus and E. hopperi. It differs from the former in the more posterior position of the vulva and the postanal porids, and from the latter in the smaller size of the amphids, the shorter cephalic setae and the shape of the tail. Furthermore, it is remarkable for the prominent extent of the female genital system. Females have up to 18 eggs of similar size in their uteri. The body of the worm is covered by large (up to 45 μm long) crescent-shaped bacteria attached with both poles to the cuticle of the worm in a spiral pattern. The genus Eubostrichus is phylogenetically well supported on the basis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence. Eubostrichus gerlachi nom. nov. (= E. parasitiferus apud Gerlach, 1963 nec Chitwood, 1936) is proposed.

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“…For example, Urbancik et al (1996a) demonstrated an unexpected variability in basic construction of the cuticle between members of seven closely related genera and showed that a character of high taxonomic value, the "cephalic capsule", has a completely different origin in each of these nematodes (Urbancik et al 1996b). Furthermore, most of the EM data on nematodes have been gathered from members of the Secernentea (which comprise most parasites and soil nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, 1899).…”

Section: A Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and reconstruction of the pharynx of Leptonemella juliae (Nematoda, Adenophorea)

Hoschitz¹,

Bright²,

Ott³

2001

Zoomorphology

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The pharynx of Leptonemella juliae is the first pharynx of Adenophorea that has been reconstructed three-dimensionally using TEM serial sections. It is composed of a slightly swollen corpus, a median narrow isthmus, and a pronounced terminal bulb. At its anterior end, the lumen of the pharynx opens into a small buccal cavity without any specific cuticular differentiation, while at the posterior end it is separated from the intestine by a pharyngeo-intestinal valve. The entire pharynx epithelium is delimited from the pharynx lumen by cuticle and from the remaining body by extracellular matrix. The main cellular components of the pharynx of L. juliae are: the radial epithelio-muscle cells and the marginal cells, two subventral and one dorsal gland cells, the nervous system, which consists of six longitudinal nerves stretching from anterior to posterior, one horseshoeshaped commissure, three nerve rings, and three pharyngeal sensory structures (PSS). The ultrastructure and location of gland cells, the sensory structure, and the nervous system appear to be character complexes of value for comparative anatomy. A detailed description of the PSS is presented.

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The ultrastructure of the cuticle of Nematoda. II. The cephalic cuticle of Stilbonematinae (Adenophorea, Desmodoridae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Taxonomy of Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae): description of two new and three known species and phylogenetic relationships within the family

Taxonomy of Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae): description of two new and three known species and phylogenetic relationships within the family

Eubostrichus fertilis sp. n., a new marine nematode (Desmodoridae: Stilbonematinae) with an extraordinary reproductive potential from Belize, Central America

Ultrastructure and reconstruction of the pharynx of Leptonemella juliae (Nematoda, Adenophorea)

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