The (un)suitability of modern liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for vision research

Ghodrati, Masoud; Morris, Adam P.; Price, Nicholas S. C.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00303

Cited by 53 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In most of today's psychophysical studies of human vision, cathode ray tubes (CRTs) are still the display of choice, because of their high temporal and spatial fidelity and custom control of their source electron guns [20]. CRTs can produce visual contrast ratios of up to 1:10 4 , on par with liquid crystal displays (LCD) [21]. Higher contrasts of up to 1:10 6.7 can be found in organic light emission diode (OLED) displays [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high contrast retinal display system for single photoreceptor psychophysics

Domdei¹,

Domdei²,

Reiniger³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Due to the enormous dynamic range of human photoreceptors in response to light, studying their visual function in the intact retina challenges the stimulation hardware, specifically with regard to the displayable luminance contrast. The adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) is an optical platform that focuses light to extremely small retinal extents, approaching the size of single photoreceptor cells. However, the current light modulation techniques produce spurious visible backgrounds which fundamentally limit experimental options. To remove unwanted background light and to improve contrast for high dynamic range visual stimulation in an AOSLO, we cascaded two commercial fiber-coupled acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) and measured their combined optical contrast. By compensating for zero-point differences in the individual AOMs, we demonstrate a multiplicative extinction ratio in the cascade that was in accordance with the extinction ratios of both single AOMs. When latency differences in the AOM response functions were individually corrected, single switch events as short as 50 ns with radiant power contrasts up to 1:10 10 were achieved. This is the highest visual contrast reported for any display system so far. We show psychophysically that this contrast ratio is sufficient to stimulate single foveal photoreceptor cells with small and bright enough visible targets that do not contain a detectable background. Background-free stimulation will enable photoreceptor testing with custom adaptation lights. Furthermore, a larger dynamic range in displayable light levels can drive photoreceptor responses in cones as well as in rods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high contrast retinal display system for single photoreceptor psychophysics

Domdei¹,

Domdei²,

Reiniger³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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show abstract

“…Flat computer screens, such as liquid-crystal displays (LCD) and light-emitting diode displays (LED), have long been rare in vision research, because they lacked the necessary temporal accuracy and precision (Elze & Tanner, 2012). This problem has been solved by more recent flat screens designed specifically for vision research (e.g., the ViewPixx 120-Hz-monitor, VPixx Technologies, Saint-Bruno, QC, Canada; Ghodrati et al, 2015). Likewise, there are now projectors for vision research providing high temporal accuracy and precision (as well as high refresh rates, e.g., 500 Hz in color in the ProPixx projector, VPixx Technologies, Saint-Bruno, QC, Canada).…”

Section: Stimulus Presentation In Vision Research: the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, most studies of vision and visual cognition are computer-based so that the classic apparatuses for visual presentation (e.g., tachistoscopes; Benshop, 1998) have widely been replaced by computer screens (e.g., Bauer, 2015;Ghodrati, Morris, & Price, 2015). These screens provide a number of advantages.…”

Section: Stimulus Presentation In Vision Research: the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of computer screens are currently available. The cathode-ray tube (CRT) has long provided the visual presentation with the highest temporal accuracy and precision and is still most commonly used for research purposes (e.g., Bauer, 2015;Ghodrati et al, 2015). Flat computer screens, such as liquid-crystal displays (LCD) and light-emitting diode displays (LED), have long been rare in vision research, because they lacked the necessary temporal accuracy and precision (Elze & Tanner, 2012).…”

Section: Stimulus Presentation In Vision Research: the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrahigh temporal resolution of visual presentation using gaming monitors and G-Sync

et al. 2018

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“…We focus on cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors, as these are often viewed as the gold-standard of presentation devices for their high temporal accuracy and precision (Ghodrati, Morris, & Price, 2015). However, we also consider one light-emitting diode (LED) monitor for comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the monitor warm-up time required before a psychological experiment can begin

Poth¹,

Horstmann²

2017

TQMP

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Visual experiments in psychology, psychophysics, and cognitive neuroscience require precise control over stimulus characteristics, such as luminance and contrast. In such experiments, stimuli are most often presented using computer monitors. These monitors bear an often neglected and rarely reported source of experimental confounds and uncontrolled variation: they take a warm-up time in which their luminance systematically changes until a stable level is eventually reached. Here we demonstrate this problem by measuring luminance over time for five different monitors. Results indicate that not only the warm-up time but also the course that the warm-up takes can vary greatly between different monitors. To address this problem, we propose a simple method of approximating a monitor's warm-up time, which takes into account theoretical considerations of the specific experiment. On this basis, we suggest a standardized experimental procedure and a standardized way of reporting its results to enable experimenters to control for monitor warm-up time.

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The (un)suitability of modern liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for vision research

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

Ultra-high contrast retinal display system for single photoreceptor psychophysics

Ultra-high contrast retinal display system for single photoreceptor psychophysics

Ultrahigh temporal resolution of visual presentation using gaming monitors and G-Sync

Assessing the monitor warm-up time required before a psychological experiment can begin

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