The Uncoupling of Oxidative Phosphorylationof Mouse-Liver Mitochondria in vivo by Usnic Acid

Abo-Khatwa, Ahmed N.; Al-Robai, Ali A.; Al-Jawhari, D. A.

doi:10.4197/sci.17-1.4

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Acute oral toxicity for usnic acid is reported only by the company Sigma-Aldrich ® [ 61 ], although it does not provide methodological details of the behavioral and toxicological effects caused by usnic acid in vivo, Sigma-Aldrich ® states that the LD 50 for usnic acid corresponds at 838 mg/kg in a murine model. However, Abo-Khatwa et al [ 62 ] evaluated the acute toxicity of usnic acid at a dose of 80–280 mg/kg administered subcutaneously in mice. The LD 50 of usnic acid was 180 mg/kg and behavioral changes included long achalasia, ponopalmosis, or spastic paralysis.…”

Section: Behavioral Changes and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Natural Compound Hydrophobic Usnic Acid and Hydrophilic Potassium Usnate Derivative: Applications and Comparisons

et al. 2021

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Usnic acid is the best-studied lichen metabolite, presenting several biological activities, such as antibacterial, immunostimulating, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic agents; despite these relevant properties, it is a hydrophobic and toxic molecule. In this context, scientific research has driven the development of innovative alternatives, considering usnic acid as a source of raw material in obtaining new molecules, allowing structural modifications (syntheses) from it. The purpose is to optimize biological activities and toxicity, with less concentration and/or response time. This work presents a literature review with an analogy of the hydrophobic molecule of usnic acid with its hydrophilic derivative of potassium usnate, emphasizing the elucidation and structural characteristics, biological activities, and toxicological aspects of both molecules, and the advantages of using the promising derivative hydrophilic in different in vitro and in vivo assays when compared to usnic acid.

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Section: Behavioral Changes and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Natural Compound Hydrophobic Usnic Acid and Hydrophilic Potassium Usnate Derivative: Applications and Comparisons

et al. 2021

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“…In a study by Abo-Khatwa et al (2015), (? )-usnic acid at the dose of 80-280 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously to mice to determine its potential toxicity.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioselective activity of usnic acid: a comprehensive review and future perspectives

2019

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This review is focused on the comparison of the biological and pharmacological activities of usnic acid enantiomers. Most of the available data refer to (?)-usnic acid, while the left-handed isomer has been less often significantly studied. Special attention was paid to the experiments comparing both (?)-and (-)-usnic acid at the same time, the results of which indicated interesting differences, however no tendency as to which enantiomer was more potent could be observed. Nevertheless, more studies, especially on (-)-usnic acid, are needed to give a final explanation for the similarities and differences between both usnic acid enantiomers. These should be especially directed to steric structure-activity relationship of the enantiomers, tested under the same experimental conditions, which may help to explain the possible mechanisms of their actions.

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Usnic acid: from an ancient lichen derivative to promising biological and nanotechnology applications

et al. 2020

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The Uncoupling of Oxidative Phosphorylationof Mouse-Liver Mitochondria in vivo by Usnic Acid

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

The Natural Compound Hydrophobic Usnic Acid and Hydrophilic Potassium Usnate Derivative: Applications and Comparisons

The Natural Compound Hydrophobic Usnic Acid and Hydrophilic Potassium Usnate Derivative: Applications and Comparisons

Enantioselective activity of usnic acid: a comprehensive review and future perspectives

Usnic acid: from an ancient lichen derivative to promising biological and nanotechnology applications

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