The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease

Wolfe, Robert R.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.3.475

Cited by 1,207 publications

(1,022 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The role of muscular fitness in the performance of exercise and activities of daily living, as well as in preventing disease has become increasingly recognized. 63,64 Data from the AVENA study show that there is an inverse association between muscular fitness, as defined by an index computed from the standardized scores of maximal handgrip strength, explosive strength and endurance strength, and a CVD risk score (an average value from the standardized triglycerides, LDLc, HDLc and glucose) in female adolescents. 54 In addition, it was reported that for a given Fitness as a health marker in young people FB Ortega et al cardiorespiratory fitness level, an increased level of muscular fitness was associated with a lower CVD risk score (Figure 4).…”

Section: Physical Fitness and Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health

et al. 2007

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This review aims to summarize the latest developments with regard to physical fitness and several health outcomes in young people. The literature reviewed suggests that (1) cardiorespiratory fitness levels are associated with total and abdominal adiposity; (2) both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness are shown to be associated with established and emerging cardiovascular disease risk factors; (3) improvements in muscular fitness and speed/agility, rather than cardiorespiratory fitness, seem to have a positive effect on skeletal health; (4) both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness enhancements are recommended in pediatric cancer patients/survivors in order to attenuate fatigue and improve their quality of life; and (5) improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness have positive effects on depression, anxiety, mood status and self-esteem, and seem also to be associated with a higher academic performance. In conclusion, health promotion policies and physical activity programs should be designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, but also two other physical fitness components such us muscular fitness and speed/agility. Schools may play an important role by identifying children with low physical fitness and by promoting positive health behaviors such as encouraging children to be active, with special emphasis on the intensity of the activity.

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Section: Physical Fitness and Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health

et al. 2007

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“…9,10 Resistance exercise training (for example, weightlifting) increases muscle strength and is recommended by major health organisations for improving public health. [11][12][13] In the case of pregnant women, light resistance exercise training might be easier and better tolerated than aerobic training, owing to lower cardiovascular stress and caloric expenditure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

2009

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Objective: We examined the effect of light intensity resistance exercise training performed during the second and third trimester of pregnancy on the newborn's birth size. We also studied the association between maternal body weight prior to pregnancy and newborn's birth size. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Subjects: We randomly assigned 160 sedentary gravidae to either a training (n ¼ 80) or a control (n ¼ 80) group. The training programme focused on light resistance and toning exercises (three times per week, 35-40 min per session). We recorded the Apgar score, birth weight, birth length, and head circumference of the newborn, as well as gestational age at time of delivery from hospital perinatal records. We also measured maternal weight and height before parity and gestational weight gain. Results: Maternal characteristics neither differed between groups (all P40.1) nor newborn characteristics (all P40.1). Maternal body weight was positively and significantly associated with newborn's birth weight and length only in the control group (b ¼ 19.20 and 0.065, respectively, Po0.01). Conclusion: Light intensity resistance training performed over the second and third trimester of pregnancy does not have a negative impact on the newborn's body size or overall health. Exercise interventions might attenuate the adverse consequences of maternal body weight before pregnancy on the newborn's birth size.

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“…A wide range of disease conditions often adversely affect muscle phenotype and lead to debilitating muscle wasting or atrophy. For instance, in human obesity, triglyceride accumulation in muscle (intramuscular fat) appears to be related to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (Morio et al, 2001;Kelley et al, 2002;Wolfe, 2006). Hence, knowledge of the molecular events that affect muscle phenotype is of fundamental, agricultural, welfare and biomedical importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype

Chang

2007

Animal

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The molecular basis and control of the biochemical and biophysical properties of skeletal muscle, regarded as muscle phenotype, are examined in terms of fibre number, fibre size and fibre types. A host of external factors or stimuli, such as ligand binding and contractile activity, are transduced in muscle into signalling pathways that lead to protein modifications and changes in gene expression which ultimately result in the establishment of the specified phenotype. In skeletal muscle, the key signalling cascades include the Ras-extracellular signal regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK), the phosphatidylinositol 3 0 -kinase (PI3K)-Akt1, p38 MAPK, and calcineurin pathways. The molecular effects of external factors on these pathways revealed complex interactions and functional overlap. A major challenge in the manipulation of muscle of farm animals lies in the identification of regulatory and target genes that could effect defined and desirable changes in muscle quality and quantity. To this end, recent advances in functional genomics that involve the use of micro-array technology and proteomics are increasingly breaking new ground in furthering our understanding of the molecular determinants of muscle phenotype.

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The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease

Cited by 1,207 publications

References 79 publications

Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health

Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health

Resistance exercise training during pregnancy and newborn's birth size: a randomised controlled trial

Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype

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