The underestimated diversity of phytoplasmas in Latin America

Pérez‐López, Edel; Luna-Rodríguez, Mauricio; Olivier, Chrystel; Dumonceaux, Tim J.

doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000726

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Pepper, potato, corn and other crops have been affected by 'Ca.P. asteris'-related strains (subgroup 16SrI-B) in Mexico (Santos-Cervantes et al 2008Lee et al 1998;Pérez-López et al 2016a), but this is the first time that the association of a phytoplasma belonging to the16SrI-B group with periwinkle plants displaying proliferation symptoms is demonstrated in the country. …”

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confidence: 96%

“…Worldwide, more than 1000 plants have been identified as hosts (Harrison et al 2014;Pérez-López et al 2016a), and many species of phloemfeeding insects have been identified as potential vectors or carriers, with a few confirmed vectors (Weintraub and Beanland 2006). Despite recent claims of having been maintained in axenic cultures (Contaldo et al 2012), phytoplasmas remain in the unculturable category (Zhao et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Periwinkle proliferation disease associated with 16SrI-B phytoplasma in Mexico

Pérez‐López

Olivier²,

Luna-Rodríguez

et al. 2016

Trop. plant pathol.

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Catharantus roseus, known as periwinkle, is highly susceptible to phytoplasma infection. Periwinkle plants showing proliferation symptoms were detected during 2013-2014 in four geographically distant states in Mexico. The presence of phytoplasmas was confirmed through the amplification of 16S F2nR2 and cpn60 UT sequences from symptomatic plants. Sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and in vitro RFLP revealed that the isolates were 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'-related strains and members of the 16SrI-B subgroup, confirming the association of this phytoplasma group with periwinkle proliferation disease in Mexico. We also demonstrated that the use of the approximately 550 pb cpn60 universal target sequences allow the differentiation of two 16SrI-B strains, designated here as MePP-Centre, and MePP-South.

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confidence: 96%

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confidence: 97%

Periwinkle proliferation disease associated with 16SrI-B phytoplasma in Mexico

Pérez‐López

Olivier²,

Luna-Rodríguez

et al. 2016

Trop. plant pathol.

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“…Phytoplasmas, first known as mycoplasma-like organisms (Doi et al , 1967), are wall-less, insect-vectored bacteria that cause disease in more than a thousand different plant hosts, affecting weedy, ornamental and crop plants worldwide (Harrison et al , 2014; Pérez-López et al , 2016a). With a small, A-T rich, and distinctively organized genome, phytoplasmas are a well-defined clade inside the class Mollicutes , derived from an Acholeplasma -like ancestor (Zhao et al , 2014, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Classification of phytoplasmas is further supported by the 16S rRNA gene through the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 16S rRNA F2nR2 fragment with a set of seventeen endonucleases (Lee et al , 1993, 1998). This approach identifies at least 30 groups of phytoplasmas, designated 16SrI-16SrXXX, with each group containing subgroups designated by letters (Harrison et al , 2014; Pérez-López et al , 2016a; Zhao et al , 2009). The validation of a computer simulated ( in silico ) RFLP as an alternative to the actual ( in vitro ) RFLP, along with the development of the interactive online phytoplasma classification tool i PhyClassifier, increased the accuracy of phytoplasma classification based on 16S rRNA gene sequences (Wei et al , 2007, 2008; Zhao et al , 2009).…”

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Phytoplasma classification and phylogeny based on in silico and in vitro RFLP analysis of cpn60 universal target sequences

Pérez‐López

Olivier

Luna-Rodríguez

et al. 2016

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Phytoplasmas are unculturable, phytopathogenic bacteria that cause economic losses worldwide. As unculturable micro-organisms, phytoplasma taxonomy has been based on the use of the 16S rRNA-encoding gene to establish 16Sr groups and subgroups based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern resulting from the digestion of amplicon (in vitro) or sequence (in silico) with seventeen restriction enzymes. Problems such as heterogeneity of the ribosomal operon and the inability to differentiate closely related phytoplasma strains has motivated the search for additional markers capable of providing finer differentiation of phytoplasma strains. In this study we developed and validated a scheme to classify phytoplasmas based on the use of cpn60 universal target (cpn60 UT) sequences. Ninety-six cpn60 UT sequences from strains belonging to 19 16Sr subgroups were subjected to in silico RFLP using pDRAW32 software, resulting in 25 distinctive RFLP profiles. Based on these results we delineated cpn60 UT groups and subgroups, and established a threshold similarity coefficient for groups and subgroups classifying all the strains analysed in this study. The nucleotide identity among the reference strains, the correspondence between in vitro and in silico RFLP, and the phylogenetic relationships of phytoplasma strains based on cpn60 UT sequences are also discussed.

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“…The list of formally described ‘ Ca . phytoplasma’ species is likely to increase as research examines a broader variety of pathological symptoms in emerging crop industries567 and by improved genetic species resolution using alternative gene targets89.…”

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Expanding and exploring the diversity of phytoplasmas from lucerne (Medicago sativa)

Gopurenko

Fletcher

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Phytoplasmas are a group of insect-vectored bacteria responsible for disease in many plant species worldwide. Among the crop species affected is the economically valuable forage species lucerne. Here we provide comprehensive molecular evidence for infection in multiple lucerne plants by a phytoplasma not previously known from this plant species. This phytoplasma had a >99% genetic similarity to an unclassified 16S rRNA subgroup previously reported as Stylosanthes little leaf from Stylosanthes spp. and was genetically and symptomatically distinct from a co-occurring but less common 16SrIIA group phytoplasma. Neighbour-joining analyses with publicly available sequence data confirmed the presence of two distinct phytoplasma lineages in the plant population. No PCR detections were made among 38 individuals of 12 co-occurring weed species. Sequence analysis revealed that all nine PCR detections from among 106 individuals of five Hemiptera insect species from the site, three of which had previously been reported as likely vectors, were false positives. This study demonstrates the importance of sequencing to complement PCR detection and avoid potentially inaccurate conclusions regarding vectors, highlights that sampling over a wide spatio-temporal scale is important for vector and alternative host studies, and extends to eight the number of phytoplasma 16 Sr groups known from lucerne.

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The underestimated diversity of phytoplasmas in Latin America

Cited by 71 publications

References 102 publications

Periwinkle proliferation disease associated with 16SrI-B phytoplasma in Mexico

Periwinkle proliferation disease associated with 16SrI-B phytoplasma in Mexico

Phytoplasma classification and phylogeny based on in silico and in vitro RFLP analysis of cpn60 universal target sequences

Expanding and exploring the diversity of phytoplasmas from lucerne (Medicago sativa)

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