The Underrated Gut Microbiota Helminths, Bacteriophages, Fungi, and Archaea

Garcia-Bonete, Maria Jose; Rajan, Anandi; Suriano, Francesco; Layunta, Elena

doi:10.3390/life13081765

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The narrow gut microbial barrier solely consists of bacteria, whilst the generalized one is principally composed of bacteria, viruses, helminths, bacteriophages, fungi, and archaea ( Garcia-Bonete et al., 2023 ). The main focus of this discussion revolves around bacteria within the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Gut Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main focus of this discussion revolves around bacteria within the gut microbiota. They have been extensively studied due to their significant representation (>90%) among the microorganisms in the gut, and their ease of culture and isolation adds to their research accessibility ( Garcia-Bonete et al., 2023 ). Firstly, the adhesion, chimerism, and binding of microorganisms to intestinal mucosa comprise the specific structure of the gut microbial barrier, which can effectively defend against extraneous pathogens through competing for the mucosal colonization sites and nutrient intake ( Hynönen and Palva, 2013 ).…”

Section: Gut Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota

Zhou,

Zhang,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Gut barrier is not only part of the digestive organ but also an important immunological organ for the hosts. The disruption of gut barrier can lead to various diseases such as obesity and colitis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained much attention for its rich clinical experiences enriched in thousands of years. After orally taken, TCM can interplay with gut microbiota. On one hand, TCM can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, gut microbiota can transform TCM compounds. The gut microbiota metabolites produced during the actions of these interplays exert noticeable pharmacological effects on the host especially gut barrier. Recently, a large number of studies have investigated the repairing and fortifying effects of TCM on gut barriers from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, no review has summarized the mechanism behand this beneficiary effects of TCM. In this review, we first briefly introduce the unique structure and specific function of gut barrier. Then, we summarize the interactions and relationship amidst gut microbiota, gut microbiota metabolites and TCM. Further, we summarize the regulative effects and mechanisms of TCM on gut barrier including physical barrier, chemical barrier, immunological barrier, and microbial barrier. At last, we discuss the effects of TCM on diseases that are associated gut barrier destruction such as ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes. Our review can provide insights into TCM, gut barrier and gut microbiota.

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Section: Gut Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gut Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota

Zhou,

Zhang,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The gut microbiome harbours diverse species of archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses that contribute to host biology (Garcia-Bonete et al, 2023). To date, gut microbiome studies in humans have focused on bacteria neglecting other microbial communities such as protists (Vargas-Albores et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and composition of gut protist in young rural Zimbabwean children

Pfavayi,

Sibanda,

Baker

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiomes

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BackgroundThe human gut microbiome harbours diverse species of archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses. To date, most gut microbiome studies have focused on bacteria, neglecting other microbial communities. Consequently, less is known about the diversity and abundance of the latter. Here, we aimed to characterise the diversity and composition of protists in the gut of preschool-aged children (PSAC) in rural Zimbabwe relative to host age, sex, and schistosome infection status.MethodsThe gut protist of 113 PSAC (1–5 years) was examined via shotgun metagenomic sequencing and analysed for diversity. Variation in protist abundance with host and environmental factors was analysed by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). To investigate how the composition of specific taxa varies across age, sex, nutritional measures and Schistosoma hematobium infection status, analysis of the composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) was used.ResultsEighty protist genera were identified, and the most abundant genera detected was Blastocystis. The prevalence of pathogenic protists was comparatively low, with 12.4% and 3.4% of the participants’ gut colonised by E. histolytica and Cryptosporidium, respectively. Of all the independent variables only S. haematobium infection showed significant relationship with the structure of the gut protist, being associated with increases in Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora, Plasmopara and Blastocystis (FDR= 0.009).SummaryThis study provides data on the prevalence and diversity of the gut protists in young Zimbabwean children with an emphasis on the host factors; age, sex and schistosome infection status. Our results showed no association between the host factors investigated, including anthropometric measures adjusted for age and the intestinal protist composition and structure, but S. haematobium infection status was associated with composition of specific taxa. There is a need for more studies determining how pathogenic protist interact with non-pathogenic protist in people exhibiting clinical symptoms to inform therapy and nutraceuticals.

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“…The animal microbiota, consisting of a staggering nearly 100 trillion microorganisms encompassing bacteria, fungi, viruses, and small parasitic worms, is predominantly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also known as the gut [1]. The intestinal microbiota has long been recognized for its importance, particularly in the realm of veterinary medicine.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease

Barathan,

Ng,

Lokanathan

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The animal gut microbiota, comprising a diverse array of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in shaping host health and physiology. This review explores the intricate dynamics of the gut microbiome in animals, focusing on its composition, function, and impact on host–microbe interactions. The composition of the intestinal microbiota in animals is influenced by the host ecology, including factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient availability, as well as genetic makeup, diet, habitat, stressors, and husbandry practices. Dysbiosis can lead to various gastrointestinal and immune-related issues in animals, impacting overall health and productivity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes derived from gut microbiota, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, influencing host health by transporting bioactive molecules across barriers like the intestinal and brain barriers. Dysregulation of the gut–brain axis has implications for various disorders in animals, highlighting the potential role of microbiota-derived EVs in disease progression. Therapeutic approaches to modulate gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, microbial transplants, and phage therapy, offer promising strategies for enhancing animal health and performance. Studies investigating the effects of phage therapy on gut microbiota composition have shown promising results, with potential implications for improving animal health and food safety in poultry production systems. Understanding the complex interactions between host ecology, gut microbiota, and EVs provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying host–microbe interactions and their impact on animal health and productivity. Further research in this field is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies to promote gut health and overall well-being in animals.

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The Underrated Gut Microbiota Helminths, Bacteriophages, Fungi, and Archaea

Cited by 13 publications

References 153 publications

Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota

Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota

Diversity and composition of gut protist in young rural Zimbabwean children

The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease

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