The underside of the cerebral cortex: layer V/VI spiny inverted neurons

Mendizabal-Zubiaga, Juan; Reblet, Concepción; Bueno‐López, José L.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00779.x

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…This band of retrogradely labelled cells extends for millimetres in the secondary visual cortex from the sites of injection of retrograde tracer in the primary visual cortex. This band is particularly cell-populated in brains after multiple injections of tracer; with single injections, labelled cells lie scattered for millimetres in the border between layer 5 and layer 6 [27,28]. These findings have shown that there is a highly convergent yet diffuse projection from the layer 5/6-border principal cells of secondary visual cortex to discrete points of the primary visual cortex.…”

Section: Principal Cells Of Intratelencephalic Projection (Inclusive mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This cortico-thalamic projection is originated in pyramidal cells but not in spiny inverted or other polymorphic cells of layer 6 (Table 1) [23,28]. This projection is…”

Section: Principal Cells Of Extratelencephalic Projection Sited In Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our studies following the use of retrograde tracers in cerebral cortex of rats, rabbits and cats showed that spiny inverted neurons of layers 5 and 6 originate intra-telencephalic projections [23,27,28,33]. Spiny inverted neurons are odd because of having not only circumscribed projections and an inverse somatodendritic orientation but also for the sites from which their axon arises.…”

Section: Study With Electron Microscopy Of the Axon Initial Segment Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most associative and commissural axons emerge from pyramidal cells sited in layers 2/3 and 5-6, and also from spiny inverted pyramidal cells and other polymorphic cells of layers 5-6 [23,27,28]. The axons of all these cells extend forward to innervate the layer 4 of cortical areas of higher-order hierarchy [23,[27][28][29][30]. This is the so-called associative forward projection [31].…”

Section: Principal Cells Of Intratelencephalic Projection (Inclusive mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See Table 1 for a summary and [28] for a review; see also Section 4 in this Chapter for more data on AIS of these cells.…”

Section: Principal Cells Of Intratelencephalic Projection (Inclusive mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Projections, Partaken Circuits and Axon Initial Segments of Cortical Principal Neurons

Bueno‐López¹,

Chara²,

Mendizabal-Zubiaga³

et al. 2012

Visual Cortex - Current Status and Perspectives

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Section: Principal Cells Of Intratelencephalic Projection (Inclusive mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This cortico-thalamic projection is originated in pyramidal cells but not in spiny inverted or other polymorphic cells of layer 6 (Table 1) [23,28]. This projection is…”

Section: Principal Cells Of Extratelencephalic Projection Sited In Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study With Electron Microscopy Of the Axon Initial Segment Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principal Cells Of Intratelencephalic Projection (Inclusive mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See Table 1 for a summary and [28] for a review; see also Section 4 in this Chapter for more data on AIS of these cells.…”

Section: Principal Cells Of Intratelencephalic Projection (Inclusive mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Projections, Partaken Circuits and Axon Initial Segments of Cortical Principal Neurons

Bueno‐López¹,

Chara²,

Mendizabal-Zubiaga³

et al. 2012

Visual Cortex - Current Status and Perspectives

Self Cite

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Morphological heterogeneity of layer VI neurons in mouse barrel cortex

Chen

Abrams

Pinhas

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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Understanding the basic neuronal building blocks of the neocortex is a necessary first step toward comprehending the composition of cortical circuits. Neocortical layer VI is the most morphologically diverse layer and plays a pivotal role in gating information to the cortex via its feedback connection to the thalamus and other ipsilateral and callosal corticocortical connections. The heterogeneity of function within this layer is presumably linked to its varied morphological composition. However, so far, very few studies have attempted to define cell classes in this layer using unbiased quantitative methodologies. Utilizing the Golgi staining technique along with the Neurolucida software, we recontructed 222 cortical neurons from layer VI of mouse barrel cortex. Morphological analyses were performed by quantifying somatic and dendritic parameters, and, by using principal component and cluster analyses, we quantitatively categorized neurons into six distinct morphological groups. Additional systematic replication on a separate population of neurons yielded similar results, demonstrating the consistency and reliability of our categorization methodology. Subsequent post hoc analyses of dendritic parameters supported our neuronal classification scheme. Characterizing neuronal elements with unbiased quantitative techniques provides a framework for better understanding structure-function relationships within neocortical circuits in general. Indexing terms neocortex layer VI; Golgi; neuronal morphology; barrel cortexThe neocortex is composed of six distinct layers, with each layer containing different morphological phenotypes that presumably subserve different processing roles (Mountcastle, 1997). For example, the excitatory spiny stellate cells and small pyramidal neurons in layer IV receive strong thalamo-cortical input (see Davis and Sterling, 1979;White, 1989). By contrast, the excitatory neurons of the infragranular layers (V and VI) are composed predominantly of larger pyramidal cells (Jones, 1984;White, 1989;Rocco and Brumberg, 2007). Although layer IV is the principal input layer, layers V and VI originate most of the cortical output (Jones, 1984;White, 1989). Within the infragranular layers, layer VI is of particular interest, primarily because of the diverse population of neurons and its complicated microcircuitry. Layer VI receives thalamic and cortical inputs and gives rise to corticothalamic feedback projections as well as corticocortical, corticoclaustral, and commissural fibers (Tombol, 1984;Katz, 1987;

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Neocortical neuronal morphology in the newborn giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Jacobs

Lee

Schall

et al. 2015

J of Comparative Neurology

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Although neocortical neuronal morphology has been documented in the adult giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana), no research has explored the cortical architecture in newborns of these species. To this end, the current study examined the morphology of neurons from several cortical areas in the newborn giraffe and elephant. After cortical neurons were stained with a modified Golgi technique (N = 153), dendritic branching and spine distributions were analyzed by using computer-assisted morphometry. The results showed that newborn elephant neurons were considerably larger in terms of all dendritic and spine measures than newborn giraffe neurons. Qualitatively, neurons in the newborns appeared morphologically comparable to those in their adult counterparts. Neurons in the newborn elephant differed considerably from those observed in other placental mammals, including the giraffe, particularly with regard to the morphology of spiny projection neurons. Projection neurons were observed in both species, with a much larger variety in the elephant (e.g., flattened pyramidal, nonpyramidal multipolar, and inverted pyramidal neurons). Although local circuit neurons (i.e., interneurons, neurogliaform, Cajal-Retzius neurons) resembled those observed in other eutherian mammals, these were usually spiny, which contrasts with their adult, aspiny equivalents. Newborn projection neurons were smaller than the adult equivalents in both species, but newborn interneurons were approximately the same size as their adult counterparts. Cortical neuromorphology in the newborn giraffe is thus generally consistent with what has been observed in other cetartiodactyls, whereas newborn and adult elephant morphology appears to deviate substantially from what is commonly observed in other placental mammals.

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The underside of the cerebral cortex: layer V/VI spiny inverted neurons

Cited by 30 publications

References 55 publications

Projections, Partaken Circuits and Axon Initial Segments of Cortical Principal Neurons

Projections, Partaken Circuits and Axon Initial Segments of Cortical Principal Neurons

Morphological heterogeneity of layer VI neurons in mouse barrel cortex

Neocortical neuronal morphology in the newborn giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

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