The Unfinished Business of State-owned Enterprise Reform in the People’s Republic of China

Holz, Carsten A.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3392986

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Meanwhile, two urban sectors contract their outputs and cut down employment. In this case, the reduction of employment will be dominant, and the unemployment rate rises [20,21]. However, if the magnitude of environment on agricultural production is relatively large, then the demand for labor will increase greatly.…”

Section: Proposition 2 (I) When the Price Elasticity Of Demand For Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

General Equilibrium Implications of Privatization on Environment and Unemployment in Vertically Related Markets

Wang

Yuan

Gao

2023

AJEBA

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This paper is aimed at theoretically analyzing the environmental implications of privatization, adopted by many developing countries, using a three-sector general equilibrium model. The partially privatized firm owns a monopolistic position in upstream market and offers an essential intermediate input for downstream manufacturing sector. Both the privatized firm and manufacturing generate pollution that harms agricultural productivity. We obtain that the price elasticity of demand for manufacturing goods is crucial for determining the environmental impact of privatization. When the price elasticity is relatively small (large), deepening privatization raises (decreases) price of partial privatized firm and improves (deteriorates) the environment. We also show a paradoxical result that improving pollution abatement technology deteriorates the environment instead.

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Section: Proposition 2 (I) When the Price Elasticity Of Demand For Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

General Equilibrium Implications of Privatization on Environment and Unemployment in Vertically Related Markets

Wang

Yuan

Gao

2023

AJEBA

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“…Recently, China has shown exponential growth in the economy. According to the report published by Holz (2018), the global estimated SOE share sectorial was valued at over 39% of the GDP of China as compared to 14% of the GDP of Germany, 10% of the GDP of Britain, 20% of the GDP of Italy, and 23% of the GDP of France. SOEs present a new operating model for traditional financial sectors and new business opportunities for the global environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the report published by Holz (2018), the global estimated SOE share sectorial was valued at over 39% of the GDP of China as compared to 14% of the GDP of Germany, 10% of the GDP of Britain, 20% of the GDP of Italy, and 23% of the GDP of France.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State ownership may not be bad: Based on bibliometric research (2002–2021)

Chen

2022

Manage Decis Econ

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Over the past two decades, the world's view of the state‐owned enterprise reform (SOER) has shifted. Based on the WOS database and CiteSpace, this study analyzes the SOER from seven dimensions and reveals that the SOER is heating up and closer to co‐research. China and the United States have become important research centers, and Chinese state‐owned enterprises have become the main research objects. Moreover, this study finds that the concept of the SOER has changed rapidly after 2012 and supports state ownership in five aspects: economic drive, resource access, innovation promotion, social responsibility enhancements, and state governance.

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“…approach in which SOE share in sectorial VA is estimated and added up in a similar way as Holz (Holz, 2018) did.…”

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confidence: 99%

How Much Do State-Owned Enterprises Contribute to China’s GDP and Employment?

Zhang¹

2019

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A large sector of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is well known as the hallmark of the Chinese economy. But exactly how much do they contribute to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment? Since available statistics do not provide a straightforward answer, this note attempts to make some estimations. I. GDP China's official statistics, which are released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in its website 2 as well as the China Statistical Yearbook, do not break down GDP by ownership. Various efforts have been made to estimate the ownership structure of the economy in terms of contributions to GDP. For example, in 2000 when China's domestic private sector started to boom, a study of the International Finance Corporation of the World Bank Group (International Finance Corporation, 2000) broke down China's 1998 GDP into three segments: 37% from the state sector, 12% from the collective sector and 45% from the private sector including rural households. Nicholas Lardy (Lardy, 2014), in examining the role of the private sector in the Chinese economy in early 2010s, conducted detailed analysis of the relevant Chinese data sector by sector. More recently in 2018, Carsten Holz (Holz, 2018) estimated SOE shares in sectorial value-added (VA) and concludes that SOEs contributed 39% of GDP in 2015. In October-November 2018, senior Chinese government leaders made multiple speeches about China's domestic privately-owned enterprises (POEs), in which they stated that POEs contribute "more than 60% of GDP" 3. This provides a basis for an alternative approach to estimation if the definition of "POEs (minying qiye)" can be assumed in accordance with its usual meaning in Chinese as excluding (i) foreign invested enterprises (FIEs), i.e., enterprises with investments from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign countries, and (ii) private households in agriculture, which are not counted as "enterprises". As such, the share of SOEs, defined as stateowned and-controlled enterprises 4 , in GDP can be estimated as the residual after deducting from the total the contributions of POEs as well as FIEs and private households in agriculture. In what follows, two approaches are adopted to estimated SOE share in GDP. The first is a residual approach in which non-SOE shares are deducted from the total. The second is a direct 1 Lead Private Sector Development Specialist, the World Bank. The author benefited from helpful comments and inputs from Luan Zhao, Economist of the World Bank, as well as guidance from Martin Raiser, Country Director for China, the World Bank. 2 http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01. Unless otherwise specified, all NBS data used in this note are from its website as well as the China Statistical Yearbook, which is also available electronically in its website.

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The Unfinished Business of State-owned Enterprise Reform in the People’s Republic of China

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

General Equilibrium Implications of Privatization on Environment and Unemployment in Vertically Related Markets

General Equilibrium Implications of Privatization on Environment and Unemployment in Vertically Related Markets

State ownership may not be bad: Based on bibliometric research (2002–2021)

How Much Do State-Owned Enterprises Contribute to China’s GDP and Employment?

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