The unique immune evasion mechanisms of the mpox virus and their implication for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies

Fang, Dong; Liu, Yan; Dou, Dou; Su, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2024.08.008

Virologica Sinica

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.08.008

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The unique immune evasion mechanisms of the mpox virus and their implication for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies

Dong Fang,

Yan Liu,

Dou Dou

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 1 publication

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Mpox Virus Infection and Vaccination: Immunopathogenesis and Exploring the Link to Neuropsychiatric Manifestations

Hetta,

Alharbi,

Alsharif

et al. 2024

Immuno

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Background and Aim: Monkeypox (Mpox) is a viral disease mainly found in central and western Africa, with symptoms similar to variola virus (smallpox) but distinguished by the early lymph node swelling specific to Mpox. This review summarizes the neuropsychiatric manifestations of Mpox infection and vaccination, along with management approaches. Method: We searched different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and Google Scholar about the neuropsychiatric manifestations of Mpox disease and the associated strategies of management. Results and conclusions: Mpox can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms. These range from mild symptoms like headaches, muscle aches, fatigue, and pain to severe symptoms, including seizures, blindness, photophobia, delirium, coma, encephalitis, and transverse myelitis. It is essential to distinguish Mpox from smallpox and other orthopox viruses. Psychiatric issues, such as stigma, disfigurement, isolation, and physical pain, are common in Mpox patients. To address these, healthcare providers should provide accurate information, counseling, and virtual support. Neurological side effects were associated with the previous smallpox vaccine, which offered cross-protection against Mpox. This vaccine has since been replaced by JYNNEOS, which does not pose any neurological risks. Mpox-related neurological symptoms are generally managed with supportive care, including NSAIDs, antibiotics, antiepileptics, and sedatives for seizures. Antivirals like acyclovir are also used. Severe cases may require hospitalization or intubation. So, we recommend early diagnosis, isolation, and prompt treatment, as Mpox spreading to the central nervous system can lead to serious and potentially fatal complications.

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Mpox Virus Infection and Vaccination: Immunopathogenesis and Exploring the Link to Neuropsychiatric Manifestations

Hetta,

Alharbi,

Alsharif

et al. 2024

Immuno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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The unique immune evasion mechanisms of the mpox virus and their implication for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies

Cited by 1 publication

References 124 publications

Mpox Virus Infection and Vaccination: Immunopathogenesis and Exploring the Link to Neuropsychiatric Manifestations

Mpox Virus Infection and Vaccination: Immunopathogenesis and Exploring the Link to Neuropsychiatric Manifestations

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