The united allergic airway: Connections between allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic sinusitis

Abstract

The aggregation of research suggests that AR, asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis are linked by the united allergic airway, a notion that encompasses commonalities in pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment.

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Pediatric Rhinitis Patients: The Difference between Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis

“…Some previous studies have suggested an association of asthma and nonallergic sinonasal diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, which were mostly supported by a high incidence of sinus diseases in adults and children with asthma. 12 According to our data, which indicate no significant association between NAR and BHR, caution is advised in the application of a concept of "united airway" in NAR. Considering the presumed role of Eo's in the development of BHR, nonallergic sinonasal diseases should be divided into eosinophilic and noneosinophilic diseases to clarify the influence of nonallergic sinonasal diseases on the lower airway diseases.…”

Efficacy and safety of rupatadine for allergic rhino-conjunctivitis: a systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with meta-analysis

“…Antihistamines play an important role in the treatment of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (AR) because this disease represents a local inflammatory expression of a systemic disease 5,6 . In the light of this reason the use of molecules with an effective antihistaminic activity accompanied by a more complete anti-inflammatory action is desirable in order to face not only the clinical symptomatic manifestations but also the inflammatory substrate that sustains disease persistence and progression 7 .…”

Association and management of eosinophilic inflammation in upper and lower airways

“…2 Thus AR and asthma share pathological characteristics including the involvement of Th2-type cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13 and IL-31, eosinophilia-associated chemokines such as eotaxins, and cystenyl leukotrienes, which lead to pathological changes such as thickness of the basement membrane and goblet cell hyperplasia 3e6 (Fig. 1).…”