The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

McGoldrick, Dominic

doi:10.1093/lawfam/5.2.132

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…All forms of child labour are included in this agreement which also emphasises the importance of free basic education for children [4]. According to the UN, the child has the right to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education or be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development [6]. The legal employment age in Egypt is 18, the age when children should finish secondary school, while 21–22 is the age when they should finish their first degree at university.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for child labour and violence against children in Egypt using Bayesian geospatial modelling with multiple imputation

et al. 2019

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Background The incidence of child labour, especially across developing nations, is of global concern. The use of children in employment in developing economies constitutes a major threat to the societies, and concerted efforts are made by the relevant stakeholders towards addressing some of the factors and issues responsible. Significant risk factors include socio-demographic and economic factors such as poverty, neglect, lack of adequate care, exposure of children to various grades of violence, parental education status, gender, place of residence, household size, residence type or size, wealth index, parental survivorship and household size. Egypt is the largest country in Africa by population. Although UNCIF 2017 reported that the worst forms of child labour in Egypt are concentrated in domestic work, forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, the situation has received little attention. There are still very few studies initiated specifically to look at child labour in domestic service in Egypt and those that exist have been limited in the scope of their methodology. Geographical coverage and research for child labour in Egypt is also limited, as are accurate statistics and data. There was, therefore, a strong case for looking again at the domestic child labour phenomenon in Egypt, especially after the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) released the first data about child labour in Egypt in 2014. This study builds on the few findings of earlier work, and broadens coverage by including advanced methods and geographical effects of this problem. Objectives This study focuses on identifying socio-demographic, economic and geospatial factors associated with child labour participation. Methods We used the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) from the Ministry of Health and Population in Egypt, with the record of 20,560 never-married children aged 5–17 years engaging in economic activities, in and out of their home. The data focused on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of household members. Multivariate Bayesian geo-additive models were employed to examine the demographical and socio-economic factors for children working less than 16 hrs; between 16 and less 45 hrs; and over 45 hrs weekly. Results The results showed that at least 31.6% of the children in the age group from 5–10 were working, 68.5% of children aged 11–17 years were engaged in child labour for a wage, and 44.7% of the children in the age group from 5–10 were engaged in hazardous work. From the multivariate Bayesian geo-additive models, female children (with male children as reference category) working at least 16 hrs (OR: 1.3; with 95% CI: 1.2–1.5) were more likely to be engaged in child labour than girls working 16 to 45 hrs (OR: 1; 95% CI: 0.3–1.5). Children born to women without formal education, in non-hazardous jobs, irrespective of the hours spent at work, were more likely to be involved in child labour (52.9%, 56....

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for child labour and violence against children in Egypt using Bayesian geospatial modelling with multiple imputation

et al. 2019

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“…I suggest, however, that a key phrase in Article 5 for present purposes is 'in the exercise by the child of the rights recognized in the present Convention' . Whatever the inherent difficulties in apparently recognising parental rights in a children's rights convention, then (see, e.g., McGoldrick, 1991), Article 5 really has any impact only when read alongside the rest of the Convention. Much of the Convention self-evidently does address adoption.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Article 5 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Involvement of Fathers in Adoption Proceedings: A Comparative Analysis

Sloan¹

2020

Int. J. Child. Rights

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This paper considers the involvement of fathers in decisions about adoption, particularly in circumstances where a mother resists such involvement. It is largely a response to the work of Jill Marshall, who has argued strongly in favour of anonymous birth and adoption for children (without involvement of their fathers) as a choice that can be validly exercised by mothers. The paper argues that Marshall’s views are not obviously consistent with the requirements of Article 5 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, requiring states to ‘respect the responsibilities, rights and duties of parents … to provide … appropriate direction and guidance’ in the child’s exercise of her rights.

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“…9 Article 3 of the CRC gives the child the right to have his or her best interests assessed and taken into account as a primary consideration in all actions or decisions that concern him or her. 10 The CRC in its vast catalogue of children’s rights does not make it clear where the boundaries lie with the rights of children in the decision-making process for medical research participation. Article 3 of the CRC raises an ethical issue from the practice of involving children in research where it cannot be proven to be in their individual best interests, nor can the child express any view or assent in the matters of the research that involves them.…”

Section: Current Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-therapeutic research in children

2019

Clinical Ethics

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The future health of children depends on clinical research which is an important part of medical progress. The principles of the child's best interests standards and how it is applied in the context of research are explored. This review will show that there is a need for research involving children but there are gaps in the current legal and ethical framework which are not readily applicable to non-therapeutic research involving children. There are significant challenges in trying to achieve a balance between what is socially good and the obligation to protect children who participate in research.

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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for child labour and violence against children in Egypt using Bayesian geospatial modelling with multiple imputation

Prevalence and risk factors for child labour and violence against children in Egypt using Bayesian geospatial modelling with multiple imputation

Article 5 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Involvement of Fathers in Adoption Proceedings: A Comparative Analysis

Non-therapeutic research in children

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