The university campus environment as a protective factor for intimate partner violence against women: An exploratory study

Marco, Miriam; Gracia, Enrique; López‐Quílez, Antonio

doi:10.1002/jcop.21980

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Addressing attitudes towards IPVAW, such as willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW, and advancing in their conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, and determinants is central to monitoring social changes in such attitudes and to better informing prevention and intervention strategies ( Powell and Webster, 2018 ). Public willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW reflects the level of tolerance and acceptability of IPVAW, and when these attitudes are held collectively at different levels of aggregation (e.g., social groups, neighborhoods, communities, countries), they are able to create a social climate that can help to legitimize or deter this type of violence ( Browning, 2002 ; Emery et al, 2011 ; Heise, 2011 ; Wright and Benson, 2011 ; Heise and Kotsadam, 2015 ; Voith, 2017 ; Marco et al, 2018 ). For example, a public education strategy should consider targeting those social groups or communities were IPVAW risk is higher, and these attitudes can be more commonly held ( Gracia and Tomás, 2014 ; Gracia et al, 2015a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and Validation of the Long and Short Versions

et al. 2018

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Willingness to intervene when one becomes aware of a case of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) reflects the level of tolerance and acceptance of this type of violence in society. Increasing the likelihood of intervention to help victims of IPVAW is also a target for prevention strategies aiming to increase informal social control of IPVAW. In this study, we present the development and validation of the Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence (WI-IPVAW) scale. We report data for both the long and short versions of the scale. We analyzed the latent structure, the reliability and validity of the WI-IPVAW across four samples (N = 1648). Factor analyses supported a bifactor model with a general non-specific factor expressing willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW, and three specific factors reflecting different intervention preferences: a preference for setting the law enforcement process in motion (“calling the cops” factor), a preference for personal intervention (“personal involvement” factor), and a preference for non-intervention (“not my business” factor). Configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance across genders were supported. Two short versions of the scale, with nine and six items, respectively, were constructed on the base of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The long and short versions of the WI-IPVAW demonstrated both high reliability and construct validity, as they were strongly related to the acceptability of IPVAW, victim-blaming attitudes, perceived severity of IPVAW, and hostile sexism. These results confirm that both the long and short versions of the WI-IPVAW scale are psychometrically sound instruments to analyze willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW in different settings and with different research needs (e.g., long versions for clinical and research settings, and short versions for large population surveys). The WI-IPVAW is also useful for assessing prevention policies and public education campaigns design to promote a more responsive social environment in cases of IPVAW, thus contributing to deter and reduce this major social and public health problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and Validation of the Long and Short Versions

et al. 2018

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“…As for its limitations, this study uses only official cases of CM and IPV, and we cannot generalize our results regarding the overlap of CM and IPV to underreported cases, which is a common issue in both types of family violence [ 12 , 13 ]. Regarding the covariates used in this study, other socioeconomic measures such as rates of unemployment or income, other neighborhood variables linked in other studies to both types of family violence, such as alcohol outlets, and neighborhood processes such as those mentioned above were not available for this study [ 33 , 34 , 72 – 76 ]. Finally, the results correspond to a European city, and future research should examine the overlap of CM and IPV in other cities that may differ in structure and organization, as well as in other cultural contexts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence

et al. 2018

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In this study, we analyze first whether there is a common spatial distribution of child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV), and second, whether the risks of CM and IPV are influenced by the same neighborhood characteristics, and if these risks spatially overlap. To this end we used geocoded data of CM referrals (N = 588) and IPV incidents (N = 1450) in the city of Valencia (Spain). As neighborhood proxies, we used 552 census block groups. Neighborhood characteristics analyzed at the aggregated level (census block groups) were: Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (neighborhood economic status, neighborhood education level, and policing activity), immigrant concentration, and residential instability. A Bayesian joint modeling approach was used to examine the spatial distribution of CM and IPV, and a Bayesian random-effects modeling approach was used to analyze the influence of neighborhood-level characteristics on small-area variations of CM and IPV risks. For CM, 98% of the total between-area variation in risk was captured by a shared spatial component, while for IPV the shared component was 77%. The risks of CM and IPV were higher in neighborhoods characterized by lower levels of economic status and education, and higher levels of policing activity, immigrant concentration, and residential instability. The correlation between the log relative risk of CM and IPV was .85. Most census block groups had either low or high risks in both outcomes (with only 10.5% of the areas with mismatched risks). These results show that certain neighborhood characteristics are associated with an increase in the risk of family violence, regardless of whether this violence is against children or against intimate partners. Identifying these high-risk areas can inform a more integrated community-level response to both types of family violence. Future research should consider a community-level approach to address both types of family violence, as opposed to individual-level intervention addressing each type of violence separately.

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“…Few studies, on the other hand, have focused on the spatial patterns of violence behind closed doors, such as intimate-partner violence [24][25][26][27], and child abuse and neglect [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Traditionally, intimate-partner violence (IPV) has been considered a special type of crime that occurs behind closed doors, with different characteristics from street-level crime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Overlap of Police Calls Reporting Street-Level and Behind-Closed-Doors Crime: A Bayesian Modeling Approach

Marco

Gracia

López‐Quílez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Traditionally, intimate-partner violence has been considered a special type of crime that occurs behind closed doors, with different characteristics from street-level crime. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial overlap of police calls reporting street-level and behind-closed-doors crime. We analyzed geocoded police calls in the 552 census-block groups of the city of Valencia, Spain, related to street-level crime (N = 26,624) and to intimate-partner violence against women (N = 11,673). A Bayesian joint model was run to analyze the spatial overlap. In addition, two Bayesian hierarchical models controlled for different neighborhood characteristics to analyze the relative risks. Results showed that 66.5% of the total between-area variation in risk of reporting street-level crime was captured by a shared spatial component, while for reporting IPVAW the shared component was 91.1%. The log relative risks showed a correlation of 0.53, with 73.6% of the census-block groups having either low or high values in both outcomes, and 26.4% of the areas with mismatched risks. Maps of the shared component and the relative risks are shown to detect spatial differences. These results suggest that although there are some spatial differences between police calls reporting street-level and behind-closed-doors crime, there is also a shared distribution that should be considered to inform better-targeted police interventions.

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The university campus environment as a protective factor for intimate partner violence against women: An exploratory study

Cited by 4 publications

References 78 publications

The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and Validation of the Long and Short Versions

The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and Validation of the Long and Short Versions

Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence

The Spatial Overlap of Police Calls Reporting Street-Level and Behind-Closed-Doors Crime: A Bayesian Modeling Approach

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