The Unknown Risks of Fracking

Campin, David

doi:10.15530/ap-urtec-2019-198220

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 130 publications

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“…En los últimos años el fracking se ha extendido hacia otros países en donde se han estimado reservas técnicamente recuperables de gas, entre los cuales se incluyen países de la región latinoamericana como México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Paraguay y Argentina. Como actividad antrópica, esta técnica no está exenta de riesgos [1].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Contaminación físico química en zonas de fracking

Useda¹

2021

Rev. politec.

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A pesar del consenso científico hacia la necesidad de limitar el calentamiento global, la urgencia por la provisión autónoma de recursos energéticos ha llevado a muchos Estados a autorizar proyectos que aplican técnicas no convencionales de extracción de combustibles fósiles, como es el caso de la perforación horizontal y la fracturación hidráulica de esquisto de gran volumen. Aunque son pocos los estudios que presentan evidencias concluyentes, estas técnicas son acusadas de acarrear peligros al ambiente y la salud de las personas que trabajan y habitan zonas de fracking, de tal manera que los Estados están ante la disyuntiva de extender algunos años la autonomía energética exprimiendo hasta el final sus reversas de gas natural y petróleo, o buscar algún equilibrio con el planeta moviéndose hacia fuentes energéticas más sostenibles. A partir de la revisión de trabajos que presentan evidencias de contaminación física y química y otros impactos al ambiente en zonas donde se ha desarrollado la técnica del fracking, se presenta un panorama de riesgos para las personas que habitan cerca de plataformas de extracción y los peligros de desarrollar proyectos de fracking en zonas climáticas tropicales.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Contaminación físico química en zonas de fracking

Useda¹

2021

Rev. politec.

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Future of Hydraulic Fracturing Application in Terms of Water Management and Environmental Issues: A Critical Review

Ellafi

Jabbari

Tomomewo

et al. 2020

Day 5 Fri, October 02, 2020

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Hydraulic fracturing technology requires securing sufficient water resources to access and unlock the pores of unconventional formations. Therefore, successful treatment depends on the fracture fluids, which mainly consist of water-based fluids with a low percentage (around 1%) of chemical additives. However, the oil and gas industry is among the largest freshwater consumers: three to six million gallons of water per well based on the number of fracturing stages. As a result, traditional water resources from subsurface and surface supplies are getting depleted, and freshwater is becoming more difficult to access with higher costs associated with continued demand. For example, operator companies in West Texas face many challenges, including a recent increase from USD 2 to 8 per barrel of freshwater. Also, the transportation of raw water to fracture sites, such as the Bakken shale play, has an environmental impact, with costs of up to USD 5 per barrel, while costs of water disposal range from USD 9 per barrel. This paper aims to investigate produced water as an alternative water-based fluid to several fracture fluids, such as crosslinked, linear gel, and high viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) to reduce environmental footprints and economic costs. The workflow of this research started with a comprehensive review of extant publications, reports, and case studies to summarize the application of produced water with fracturing fluids in unconventional shale plays, such as the Bakken (North Dakota), Barnett (Texas), Eagle Ford (Texas), Wolfcamp (Texas), Marcellus (Pennsylvania), and Periman Bain (Texas). The critical review begins with explaining the features of produced water, its challenges, and water management options. Furthermore, the different fracturing fluids in a high TDS environment are described using recent lab fluid characterizations of produced water as 10% to 50% of produced water usage at a temperature range between 70 to 210 deg F. Moreover, 2D and 3D pseudo frac simulations are utilized using real field data from the Middle Bakken Formation to construct reliable models to evaluate the feasibility of reused water in shale plays development. The outcomes show that recycling water with high TDS in a high-temperature environment can create a fracture network and proppant transport when high viscosity friction reducers with surfactant (HVFR-PRS) was used. In addition, the result of this critical review is a powerful tool for predicting the future of hydraulic fracturing technology, which might help operator companies reduce costs and develop unconventional wells successfully for a return on their investment. The opportunities and challenges conclusions of water management are provided a survey of future hydraulic fracturing applications in North American shale plays by offering recommendations of environmental and economic impacts. The general guidelines obtained can promote the sustainability of using hydraulic fracturing treatment to produce more oil and gas from unconventional resources without compromising on environmental issues.

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The Unknown Risks of Fracking

Cited by 2 publications

References 130 publications

Contaminación físico química en zonas de fracking

Contaminación físico química en zonas de fracking

Future of Hydraulic Fracturing Application in Terms of Water Management and Environmental Issues: A Critical Review

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