The Unmet Need for Mental Health Services Among Probationers' Children

Phillips, Susan D.; Venema, Rachel; Roque, Lorena

doi:10.1080/10509670903534845

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Parental stress in this domain is associated with children’s behavioral and self-regulatory problems (Costa et al, 2006). While we did not assess child outcomes in this study, this finding is consistent with literature documenting a high burden of behavioral problems in the children of criminal justice involved women (Dallaire et al, 2015), including those under community supervision (Phillips, Venema, & Roque, 2010). This result also supports the predominance of the SNS versus HPA activity in response to imminent threats or challenges.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Salivary Biomarkers of Parenting Stress in Mothers Under Community Criminal Justice Supervision

Rieder

Goshin

Drg³

et al. 2019

Nursing Research

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Background: Community criminal justice supervised mothers are an underserved population who experience high rates of psychological distress and unique parenting challenges, but little is known about physiological stress system function in this population. Objective: We tested salivary biomarkers of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function as predictors of subjective maternal stress. Method: We recruited 23 mothers (age M = 35.6, SD = 9.3; 35% Hispanic, 22% Black, 22% White, 22% multiracial) who were court mandated to a residential treatment center. We measured salivary alpha-amylase (AA) and cortisol, which index SNS and HPA activity, respectively, before and after a naturalistic reminder of a stressful parenting experience. We assessed self-reported parenting stress using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) subscales Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interactions, and Difficult Child. We used regression to test AA and cortisol mean levels and reactivity as predictors of subscale scores. Results: Mean, but not reactive salivary stress biomarker levels, were associated with parenting stress domains. Mean cortisol levels predicted scores on the Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscale (Adj. R2 = .48), whereas mean AA predicted Difficult Child subscale scores (Adj. R2 = .28). Discussion: Our results demonstrate the potential predictive utility of AA and cortisol as salivary biomarkers of maternal stress in community-supervised mothers. Given that maternal stress is associated with criminal recidivism and child behavioral health in this population, these biomarkers could potentially inform interventions to improve dyadic health and social outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Salivary Biomarkers of Parenting Stress in Mothers Under Community Criminal Justice Supervision

Rieder

Goshin

Drg³

et al. 2019

Nursing Research

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“…Similarly strong studies have connected maternal incarceration during childhood with a higher risk of adult criminal justice involvement (Huebner & Gustafson, 2007; Muftić, Bouffard, & Armstrong, 2016). Smaller studies have also documented unmet mental health needs and low access to mental health care in the children of women in prison (Tasca, Turanovic, White, & Rodriguez, 2014; Turanovic & Rodriguez, 2015) and those on community supervision (Phillips, Venema, & Roque, 2010).…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

An international human rights perspective on maternal criminal justice involvement in the United States.

Goshin

Arditti

Dallaire

et al. 2017

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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Internationally and historically unprecedented numbers of women in the United States are under criminal justice supervision in jails, prisons, and the community. Pregnant women and mothers with minor children comprise a large proportion of this population. The rise in criminal justice oversight and incarceration rates has differentially impacted a highly vulnerable population of women and children. This article outlines an international human rights perspective on the criminal justice involvement of pregnant women and mothers with minor children, and describes common and broadly accepted U.S. criminal justice practices in the areas of pregnancy, birth, and contact with children that differ from a rights-based approach. Using the United Nations-developed Bangkok Rules and existing research as a foundation, the authors conclude by advancing recommendations for more humane approaches to pregnant and parenting women and their children that would bring the United States more closely in line with international standards. This article capitalizes on the increased attention currently being placed on the U.S. criminal justice system to highlight continued problems and provide humane solutions that draw on international approaches while also fitting a U.S. context.

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“…Anxiety, emotional rage and instability, disruptive behavior, oppositional disorders, depressive disorders, attention disorders, prolonged grief reactions, reactive attachment disorders, traumatic stress disorders, gender and identity disorders and adjustment disorders are all known symptoms of children impacted by parental incarceration [4,31,45]. In addition, these behaviors fall under the classification of interactive disorders, according to The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM), used to make mental and behavior diagnosis and treatment plans for both adult and children experiencing challenges.…”

Section: Youth Symptoms Linked To Psychological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardships Children face in the United States of America by Having a Parent in Prison: How to Help Them! A Program Proposal

Jhz¹

2016

Social Crimonol

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This is a qualitative study examining research that has previously investigated the impact the incarceration of parents has on children in the United States of America. The study will explore root causes and causality outcomes for youth behaviors, on a psychological and child development level, by examining data, results and findings from multiple journal articles related to this topic and documenting patterns, commonalities, differences and/or connections that may define why children often develop so many challenging outcomes.The research questions are, (1) why children who have an incarcerated parent are characterized to produce so many negative outcomes, such as emotional, learning and behavioral challenges; what do developmental theories say about this? (2) What will be the best program implementation design to aid effectively in reducing negative outcomes, among youth who have a parent in prison?The data analysis will include statistical reviews from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) to help determine whether this issue is significantly prevalent to warrant societal or governmental intervention. The conclusion will include critical areas (on children and caregivers) any program should address, when implementing programs to help the population of youth dealing with having a parent in prison. Children of Promise, NYC, is an organization specifically designed to work with children having parents in prison and will also be evaluated.In addition, the findings and suggestions are beneficial for social service organizations looking for possible strategies and buffers that can support healthy youth development and assist and/or minimize resulting emotional and psychological hurdles.

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The Unmet Need for Mental Health Services Among Probationers' Children

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Salivary Biomarkers of Parenting Stress in Mothers Under Community Criminal Justice Supervision

Salivary Biomarkers of Parenting Stress in Mothers Under Community Criminal Justice Supervision

An international human rights perspective on maternal criminal justice involvement in the United States.

Hardships Children face in the United States of America by Having a Parent in Prison: How to Help Them! A Program Proposal

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